04/18/20101 Scottish and English Reformations: John Knox & the English Royals “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood.

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Presentation transcript:

04/18/20101 Scottish and English Reformations: John Knox & the English Royals “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian billpetro.com/v7pc

04/18/20102 Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to Trace the development of Scottish Presbyterianism Discuss causes of the English Reformation Identify how English Royalty affected the Reformation

04/18/20103 Heidelberg Catechism Composed in Heidelberg at the request of Elector Frederick III, who ruled the Palatinate from 1559 to Zacharius Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus were coauthors January 19, 1563 the Elector writes, "with the advice and cooperation of our entire theological faculty in this place, and of all superintendents and distinguished servants of the church" he secured the preparation of the Heidelberg Catechism. Approved by a synod in Heidelberg in January Soon the catechism was divided into fifty-two sections so that it could be explained in preaching each Sunday of the year : The Synod of Dort approved the Heidelberg Catechism

04/18/20104 Heidelberg Castle in its prime

04/18/20105 Heidelberg Castle today

04/18/20106 Heidelberg Castle above city

04/18/20107 Inside Heidelberg Castle

04/18/20108 Reformation Traditions Lutheranism Episcopal Anabaptist Congregational Mennonites English Sep English Baptists } Reformed Presbyterian Scottish Presbyterian Dutch Reformed Lutheran 1517 Luther - Melanchthon French-Swiss 1532 Calvin - Beza German-Swiss 1519 Zwingli - Bullinger Swiss Brethren 1525 Grebel – Manz - Simonsz English 1536 Henry VIII - Cranmer Anglican Episcopal Church of England

04/18/20109 Calvinism Jumps the Channel

04/18/201010

04/18/ John Knox Thundering Scot Univ of St. Andrew 1536: Priest Wartime preacher Galley slave Exile in Geneva, Frankfurt Returns to Edinburgh Wrote Scots Confession

04/18/ Thunderous Blasts against Mary 5 personal interviews with Mary Queen of Scots

04/18/ St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh

04/18/ Mary Stuart Mary Queen of Scots Henry VII’s Grand-daughter Marries Francis II of France France claims Scotland Mary claims England Knox preaches against Mary Son James VI: –James I of England

04/18/ Why was there an English Reformation? Lollards: Wycliffe’s followers at Oxford Early Humanists: Erasmus, Thomas More Early Reformers: William Tyndale –Tyndale’s was first printed Bible –Wycliffe’s was hand copied Luther’s Writings Henry VIII’s marital problems

04/18/ Henry VIII Second son, after Arthur Clergy, theologian Married Catherine, brother’s wife -- to keep dowry Sonless, annulment? Pope refused

04/18/ Wives of Henry VIII MaryElizabethEdward

04/18/ Henry’s Actions 1532:Submission of the clergy 1534:Act of Supremacy 1536:Closed all monasteries 1539:Six Articles –Nationalized Church –Still Roman Catholic in doctrine

04/18/ Thomas Cranmer Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury Book of Common Prayer

04/18/201020

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII 1509

04/18/ Edward VI Boy king 2 Regents Tutored by Henry Bullinger Chaplain: John Knox Married Lady Jane Gray

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI

04/18/ Mary Tudor “Bloody” Mary, 1553 Married Spanish Philip II, enemy of England Restored Papacy Persecuted Englishmen –300 Smithfield martyrs –Marian exiles: Geneva, Frankfurt, Zurich

04/18/ Oxford Martyrs Latimer, Ridley… Cranmer

04/18/ Broad Street Monument

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor

04/18/ Elizabeth I Couldn’t be Catholic – illegitimate in Rome Didn’t like Protestantism “Via Media” –Protestant Doctrine –Catholic Rituals Lived long

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor AnglicanismElizabeth Rise of Puritanism

04/18/ James I James VI of Scotland Puritans petitioned for change in church government Hampton Court Conference: –Refused –Permitted new Bible translation Reissued Book of Sport – riled the Puritans

04/18/ Charles I Absolute authority Appointed Laud: AB of C –Arminian –Puritan Calvinists reacted Abolished Parliament: Civil War: –Cavaliers - loyalists –Roundheads - Puritans

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor AnglicanismElizabeth Enforced James I EpiscopalianismCharles I Tudors | Stuarts

04/18/ Oliver Cromwell Member of Parliament Head Parliamentary Army Lord Protector, Head of State –England –Scotland –Ireland

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor AnglicanismElizabeth Enforced James I EpiscopalianismCharles I Transcendent Presbyterian PuritanismIndependent Long Parliament

04/18/201035

04/18/ Westminster Assembly Directory of Church Government Westminster Confession Shorter &Longer Catechisms

04/18/ Charles II Restoration of Monarchy Episcopacy returned Puritans were persecuted

04/18/ James II A Catholic Forced to abdicate

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor AnglicanismElizabeth Enforced James I EpiscopalianismCharles I Transcendent Presbyterian PuritanismIndependent Enforced Charles II Episcopalianism James II Restoration

04/18/ William & Mary Glorious Revolution Mary: James’ oldest daughter William: Ruler of the Dutch Religious Toleration

04/18/ Reformed CatholicismHenry VIII Advanced ProtestantismEdward VI Militant CatholicismMary Tudor AnglicanismElizabeth Enforced James I EpiscopalianismCharles I Transcendent Presbyterian PuritanismIndependent Enforced Charles II Episcopalianism James II Religious TolerationWilliam & Mary Glorious Revolution Tudors | Stuarts

04/18/201042

04/18/ Word Summary Catholic ChurchMerit LutherJustification ZwingliSovereignty AnabaptistsBeliever’s Baptism CalvinOmnipotence ArminiusAbility “Calvinism”TULIP KnoxThundering Henry VIIIMarried