Equity: Ethical Approaches to Social Justice “Excuse me, but its important to get those drinks to those who need them the most.”

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Presentation transcript:

Equity: Ethical Approaches to Social Justice “Excuse me, but its important to get those drinks to those who need them the most.”

The Utilitarian Approach Allocation of resources must maximize utility/benefit for larger society – i.e., efficiency But what is just?

ASARCO Case Assume Calculation of Net Benefit (in $M) Over 10 Years (Compared to No Regulation) is as Follows: Income GroupLenient StrictStandard Upper-middle (Vashon Island) Middle (Tacoma) Lower (Workers) NET BENEFIT

Libertarian – “Endowment” – Approach Harvard Philosophy Professor Robert Nozick ( ) Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974) Private property an “entitlement” – natural right Historical process of distribution more important than recipients, or results: –“justice in acquisition” –“justice in transfer” [procedural justice] Free market best conceived mechanisms for this distribution “Night watchman” state

Liberal Welfare – “Contractarian” – Approach Harvard Philosophy Professor John Rawls ( ) A Theory of Justice (1971) Inviolability of human life Social justice a natural right Justice essential for social contract Principles of justice derived by people behind “veil of ignorance” Justice as fairness: –each person has equal right to basic rights/liberties –Social/economic inequalities must: »be attached to positions open to all; »be to the greatest benefit of least advantaged (difference principle) Requires state activism on efficiency and equity

Egalitarian (Socialist) Approach All members of society treated equally Equal distribution of power, rights, income