Connecting Reading and Writing  Reading Trade Books  Writing as a Learning Tool  Writing to Demonstrate Learning

Content-Area Textbooks  Features of Content-Area Textbooks  Making Content-Area Textbooks More Comprehensible  Learning How to Study  Why Aren’t Content-Area Textbooks Enough?

Thematic Units  How to Develop a Thematic Unit  A First-Grade Unit on Trees  A Fourth-Grade Unit on Desert Ecosystems  A Sixth-Grade Unit on Ancient Egypt

How Effective Teachers Use Reading and Writing in the Content Areas  Teachers have students use reading and writing as learning tools.  Teachers teach students about the features of content- area textbooks.  Teachers use a variety of activities to make content-area textbooks more comprehensible.  Teachers teach students how to take notes and study effectively.  Teachers focus on big ideas in content-area units.

 Tompkins, Gail E. (2014). Literacy for the 21st century A balanced approach. Boston, MA: Pearson (6th edition)