The Cardiovascular/ Circulatory and Respiratory Systems EQ: How do organ systems work together to enable an organism to maintain homeostasis?

What do you think of when you hear the word “heart?? Many people think of romance. Some think of courage But the heart is more than a symbol of love or bravery. Your heart is an amazing pump

Organs and Functions of the Cardiovascular System Your heart, blood and blood vessels make up your cardiovascular System The word “cardio” means heart. The word “vascular” means vessel. Your heart creates pressure when it beats. This pressure moves blood throughout your body. The cardiovascular system helps your body maintain homeostasis by Carrying nutrients to your cells Removing wastes from your cells Moving chemicals called hormones throughout the body

The Heart Your heart is made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It is roughly the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity. Most mammals have a left side and a right side that are separated by a thick wall.

The Heart The heart also contains flap like structures called valves between the atria (plural of atrium) and the ventricles and in places where large arteries are attached to the heart. As blood moves through the heart, these valves close to prevent blood from going backward. The “lub-dub” sound of a beating heart is caused by the valves closing.

The Heart The right side pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. There are two chambers within the right side of the heart. The upper chamber is called the right atrium, and the lower chamber is called the right ventricle

Pulmonary Circulation Where does blood get oxygen to deliver to your body? From your lungs! Your heart pumps blood into the lungs. In the lungs, carbon dioxide leave the blood and oxygen enters the blood. The oxygenated blood then flows back into the heart. This is called pulmonary circulation

Systemic Circulation The oxygen-rich blood returning to the heart from the lungs is then pumped to the rest of the body. The circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body is called systemic circulation.

The Heart The left side of the heart pumps oxygen- rich blood to the body. It too has two chambers, the upper being the left atrium and the lower is called the left ventricle

The Flow of Blood Through the Heart

Blood enters the atria (upper chamber) first. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.

The Flow of Blood Through the Heart When the atria have filled with blood, the blood pushes, or applies pressure, to the valves. This pressure causes the valves to open and blood flows downward to the ventricles. Then, the atria contract (get smaller)

The Flow of Blood Through the Heart When the atria relax, the ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart. Blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and blood from the left ventricle goes to the rest of the body.

Blood FM&feature=youtube_gdata_player FM&feature=youtube_gdata_player Blood, although not an organ, is part of your cardiovascular system. Blood is a connective tissue made of plasma, red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of your body.

Blood Vessels The hollow tubes through which your blood travels throughout your body are called blood vessels. There are three types of blood vessels: Arteries Capillaries Veins

Arteries A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is called an artery. Arteries have thick walls, which contain smooth muscle. Each beat of the heart pumps blood into the arteries at high pressure. This is your blood pressure!

Capillaries Nutrients, oxygen, and other substances need to leave your blood and get to your body’s cells. Carbon dioxide and other wastes leave body cells and are carried away by blood. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that exchange nutrients and oxygen for carbon dioxide and waste between body cells and blood.

Capillaries These exchanges can happen because capillaries are only one cell thick! They are so narrow that cells must pass through them single-file. No cell in the body is more than 3-4 cells away from a capillary.

Veins After leaving the capillaries, blood enters veins. Veins carry blood back to the heart. When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze nearby veins and help push blood toward the heart.

Cardiovascular Problems More than just your heart and blood vessels are at risk if you have cardiovascular problems. Your whole body may be harmed. Cardiovascular problems can be caused by smoking, high cholesterol levels, stress, physical inactivity and heredity Eating a healthy diet and getting plenty of exercise can reduce the risk of having cardiovascular problems

The Respiratory System Breathing is a natural process that, unlike eating or drinking, we have to do it continuously. All of our cells need oxygen in order to release the energy that keeps them and us alive.

The Respiratory System The efficient and carefully controlled act of inhaling air into our lungs and then exhaling it several times per minute (22,00 times each day!) is the first step in ensuring that the cells get their oxygen.

Functions of the Respiratory System Breathing, or getting the air to your cells, and then exhaling the waste product, carbon dioxide, is made possible by your respiratory system.

Functions of the Respiratory System Your respiratory system has two main jobs: #1: To take in oxygen from the air to pass to the blood so that it can reach each cell in the body. #2: Remove waste gases (carbon dioxide) that come from the body’s cells.

Organs of the Respiratory System Your respiratory system is made up of the following organs: Nose – main passageway Pharynx – connects nose, mouth to trachea Trachea – “windpipe” Bronchus – bottom of trachea, splits, connecting to each lung Lungs -- carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood. Alveoli – tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged Diaphragm – move the lungs so that air can be inhaled and exhaled

A Good Model EQ: How do organ systems work together to enable an organism to maintain homeostasis?

A Good Model Goal: To act out the flow of blood through the cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems Materials: #14: Cardiovascular/Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Red plates Blue plates Labels

A Good Model Procedures: 1) Each person will receive a label 2) I will assign everyone a “role” to play in the model, write your role on your label 3) You will be given time to develop a model that actively shows the flow of blood through the cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems using the given materials. 4) Presentation times: 1 st : 10:15 5 th : 2:00 7 th : 3:32

Roles Superior Vena Cava – vein that brings blood into the heart Right Atrium Right Ventricle Lungs Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta – artery from the heart that brings blood to the body Artery Capillary Vein Cell