© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Introducing Ecosystems -- Mr. Anderson Human Population Growth

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environments eco (G) root home, abode ecoclimate ecosystem ecotourism log, -o, y (G) suffix study of zoology epidemiology climatology Ecology Eco logy

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecosystem includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors the living parts of an ecosystem Abiotic Factors the nonliving parts of an ecosystem Ecology Links in the Chain

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Biotic Factors Bio bio(s), bio(t) (G) root life include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms biology biostatistics biography biotechnology biosphere biomechanics biotic biofeedback

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Biotic Factors

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Abiotic Factors include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun) A A a, an(G) prefix not, without atoxic amoral abiotic amusia

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Abiotic Factors

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Ecosystems Arizona Desert Mountains in Colorado Coral Reef in Belize

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes Ecosystems BioticBioticAbioticAbiotic migration, seed dispersal flood, erosion, drought can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX interact with each other in complex ways Biotic Factors also interact with abiotic factors in the ecosystem parasitism mutualism competition dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light such as

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

a major regional or global biotic community, a super ecosystem, defined chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate Biome

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX desertdesert grasslandgrassland tropical rain forest deciduous forest coniferous forest tundratundra Major Biomes of the World oceanocean

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Levels of Organization smallest unit of living things group of similar cells organized to work together group of different kinds of tissues working together group of organs working together one individual living thing all organisms of the same kind living in one area all interacting populations in an ecosystem all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems cell

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX What is a population? Read p. 482 Describe a population. It is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area. How does a community differ from a population? It is all of the populations that live in an area. Ants to the rise!! Community Ecology - Predators

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX What is an ecosystem? Read p.483 What is an ecosystem? A community of organisms and the abiotic environment. What is the biosphere? The part of the earth where life exist. Ecosystem Song

The Need for Energy Read p Fill in this chart with the info from the reading GroupRole in ecosystem Producers Decomposers Consumers

The Need For Energy GroupRole in Ecosystem ProducersPlants and organisms that use sunlight directly to make food. DecomposersAn organisms that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms. ConsumersThese are the organisms that eat

Chains and Webs Read p What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? A food web shows all the connections between the species in a community. The food chain shows the way energy flows from the bottom producer to the top consumer. Food Chains and Webs

Draw a food web Draw the food web from p.486 Then read p How does the removal of one species affect a food web? If you remove one item from the web, it can cause over production of other animals or the over grazing on producers such as plants and grasses.

The relationships Read p What is a limiting factor? It is a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population What would be the most common example of a limiting factor? food

The relationships Now, explain a carrying capacity. It is the largest population that an environment can support at any given time What are the 4 main ways organisms affect one another? Competition, predator and prey relationship, symbiotic relationships, and co evolution.

2 Types of Competition What are the two types of competition? It happens within a population, such as elk competing for the same food It also happens between populations, different species compete for the same food in a community.

Examine how they are different Read p What is camouflage, and how does it prevent an animal from being eaten? It is a type of coloration that helps an organism blend in with its surroundings. It is harder for a predator to find a camouflaged prey.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Mutualism What is mutualism? A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

Commensalism What is commensalism? A relationship between two organisms in which one organisms benefits and the other is unaffected. Give an example Sharks and remoras. The remoras ride by the shark and eat remains left over from the shark feeding

Parasitism What is parasitism? A relationship between 2 species in which on species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Co evolution What is co evolution? It is the evolution of 2 species that is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more beneficial to both species Ecology -- Change is Good