Nationalism vs. Sectionalism Nationalism: when a country is united behind a common set of goals that are to benefit the country as a whole Sectionalism: when a is divided over regional concerns- The biggest example in American history is the Civil War

Differences Leading to War The North Industrialized No slaves More equal distribution of wealth Very few African Americans living here Larger population, more money in the economy The South Agricultural Slavery exists Very unequal distribution of wealth…most of the country’s millionaires are in the South Millions of African Americans

Missouri Compromise Year: 1820 What happened? – Missouri petition to become a state- at first they are told no because they have slaves…but then Maine also petitions – Missouri becomes a slave state – Maine becomes a free state – The rest of the Louisiana territory is divided at the minute line of latitude- everything north is free, everything south is slave – First visible sign of sectionalism in America

The Liberator Year: 1831 What was it? – A abolitionist newspaper – Abolition: movement to get rid of slavery – Written and published by William Lloyd Garrison – In the beginning it is going to argue for the gradual emancipation of slaves, but by the outbreak of war they are arguing for the immediate emancipation of slaves – Purpose was to inform Americans about the abolitionist movement and try to get more people involved

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Year: 1831 What happened? – Nat Turned believed that he was man of destiny that was seeing visions from God telling him to lead a rebellion to end slavery – Nat Turner, a slave, leads a rebellion of over 40 slaves trying to get freedom – Kill over 60 whites – Led to a fear of free African Americans- saw the slaves a savage killers

Compromise of 1850 Year: 1850 What was it? – Compromise to decide the status of the land we gained from the Mexican War – 4 parts: California would be free Slave trade will no longer exist in Washington D.C. The rest of the territory would be divided into the Utah and New Mexican territories and they would have popular sovereignty A stronger fugitive slave law- said that a northerner suspected that an African American in the north was a runaway slave, they had to report it or be thrown in jail

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Year:1852 What was it? – Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe – She wrote in response to the Fugitive Slave Law – It talked about the horrors of slavery and made it into a moral issue for many Americans – 2 nd most widely read book in America (only the Bible sold more copies) – Abraham Lincoln nicknamed her the “Little Lady who started the great big war”

Kansas Nebraska Act Year: 1854 What was it? – Under the Missouri Compromise, both of these territories are supposed to be free – In an effort to increase the population in order to have a transcontinental railroad, Stephen Douglas suggests changing the status of these territories – This law led to popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska – Made the Missouri Compromise void

Bleeding Kansas Year: 1856 What happened? – Americans moved out to Kansas to be a part of the vote on slavery – Pro-slavery settlers living close to abolitionist settlers – John Brown, a strong abolitionist, leads an attack against a group of pro-slavery settlers known as Pottawatomie Massacre – Then, there is continuous between the pro-slavery settlers and the abolitions for the next 2 years – Over 200 people dead and millions of dollars of damages done to property. – First continuous fighting over the issue of slavery

Dred Scott v. Sandford Year: 1857 What was the argument? – Dred Scott sues for his freedom due to the fact that he was moved to free territory – Supreme Court rules that he is still a slave Slaves are property Property is inalienable right (right that cannot be taken away) – Essentially this allows slavery to spread anywhere

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Year: 1858 What was it? – Lincoln and Douglas running against each other for Illinois senator – Lincoln challenges Douglas to debates – The issue of slavery comes up Douglas says he believes in popular sovereignty (the right of the people in the territory to vote and decide on slavery) When he says that it splits the Democratic Party 3 ways This becomes known as the Freeport Doctrine – Lincoln loses the race for senator, but the Freeport Doctrine causes Douglas to lose the presidential race 2 years later

Attack on Harper’s Ferry Year: 1859 What happened? – In Harper’s Ferry, there is a federal arsenal (weapons supply facility) – John Brown attempts to attack the Federal arsenal to get access to all the weapons so he give them to the slaves in the south in order help them lead their own rebellions – John Brown is captured and hanged – Many northerners see him as hero many southerners see him as a terrorist

Election of Lincoln Year: 1860 What happened? – Lincoln becomes the first Republican president by defeating the democrats who were split 3 ways (due to Freeport Doctrine) – The Republican party is going to support the abolition of slavery in the territories ONLY – South Carolina secedes when Lincoln is announced as president – 5 more states that also secede- form the Confederate States of America (CSA) – Name Jefferson Davis president of the CSA

Fort Sumter Year: April 1861 What happened? – Fort Sumter is a USA fort located in Charleston, SC – Lincoln announces that he is going to resupply Fort Sumter – He knows that South Carolina is going to have to decide whether to attack or “rejoin” the United States – South Carolina gives the order to fire on the ships resupplying Fort Sumter- the U.S. is forced to evacuate – Both sides declare war on one another – Final 4 states secede to join the CSA: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas – Four slave states that remain in the United States- called “border states”- Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware, and Missouri

Resources At The Start of the War The only advantage of the South is: that they have 7 of the top 8 generals in the country.

So how does that affect strategy? The North’s Plan: – Becomes known as the Anaconda Plan – Plan was to slowly cut the south off from all its resources Blockade all southern ports to prevent any imports Capture key waterways Capture Richmond, Va (capital of Confederacy)

So how does that affect strategy? The South’s Plan: – Prepare and wait (not going to fight unnecessary battles) – Get imports and help from European countries – Continue to fight until the North gives up

Key PersonSideKey Contribution Abraham LincolnNorthPresident of the United States during the war- provided key leadership that helped the country remain together Jefferson DavisSouthPresident of the Confederate States of America Ulysses GrantNorthBy the end of the war he is the head commander for Union troops Robert E. LeeSouthBy the end of the war he is head commander for the Southern troops Stonewall JacksonSouthGeneral for the south William Tecumseh Sherman NorthGeneral for the north known for “total war” Matthew BradyNeutralKnown for photographing the war- gave Americans their first visuals of what war looked like