CBE 417 “Unit Operations” 1 Lecture: 3 7 Sep 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

CBE 417 “Unit Operations” 1 Lecture: 3 7 Sep 2012

Overview 2 Introduction UO course overview Equilibrium Stage separations What are “Unit Operations” Brief thermodynamics review Binary flash with energy balance Multicomponent flash

Vapor Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) 3 Typical simplifications: Ideal vapor phase Ideal liquid phase

Phase Equilibrium (Alternate Form VLE) 4 Historically, when estimates were done by hand: Seader & Henley (2006)

Phase Equilibrium (Recommendations) 5

Phase Equilibrium (Alternate Form VLE) 6 Historically, when estimates were done by hand: Sometimes the K values are nearly composition independent “hand” techniques of design/solution have used DePriester Charts (hydrocarbons):

DePriester Chart 7 P = 2 bar T = 100 o C Isobutane others….

DePriester (equation fit) 8

Other Equilibrium Diagrams: 9 P = bar T = various o C Benzene - Toluene

Other Equilibrium Diagrams: 10

Effect of Pressure: 11

Effect of Pressure: 12 Seader & Henley (2006)

Other Equilibrium Diagrams: 13

Overview 14 Brief thermodynamics review Binary Flash with energy balance Sequential solution Simultaneous solution Multicomponent Flash

Binary Flash 15 Overall mole balance mole balance on a mole balance on b equilibrium eqn for a mole balance on a

Binary Flash 16 Flash separation: Specify: Find: a = n-pentane b = n-hexane Vfrac0.471 V/F P3.000bar functi on E- 08 Xa0.394 Xb0.606 Ya0.619 Yb0.381

Binary Flash 17 Overall mole balance mole balance on a mole balance on b equilibrium eqn for a mole balance on a

Binary Flash 18 Flash separation: Specify: Find: a = n-pentane b = n-hexane

Binary Flash 19 Graphical Solution: mole balance on a solve for y a “Operating Line”

Binary Flash 20 Graphical: y = x Equilibrium curve Za Solution! What if f is unknown, but T is known? Limits: f = 0 f = 1

Binary Flash Energy Balance 21 EB on CV:

Other Equilibrium Diagrams: 22

Alternative Thermodynamics 23 Older (hand methods): Relative Volatility (VLE): Raoult’s law Aside (couple with MB)

Separation Factor or Relative Volatility 24

Effect of Pressure: 25 Seader & Henley (2006)

Constant Relative Volatility? 26

Alternative Thermodynamics 27 K i with multicomponent flash: Sequential solution: suggestions p (Rachford-Rice Eqn) Simultaneous solution technique: suggestions p Into MB:

Sizing Flash Drums 28

Simulators 29 Flash input: Sensitivity Analysis: Design Spec:

Questions? 30