ACCELERATION: C10,S2 1 ACCLELERATION DEFINITION the rate at which velocity changes (includes: speeding up, slowing down, or changing directions) 2.

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Presentation transcript:

ACCELERATION: C10,S2 1

ACCLELERATION DEFINITION the rate at which velocity changes (includes: speeding up, slowing down, or changing directions) 2

 Speeding up; also called accelerating POSITIVE ACCELERATION 3

 Slowing down; also called deccelerating NEGATIVE ACCELERATION 4

 Turning, which is a change of direction, is also acceleration CHANGE of DIRECTION 5

Acceleration is always caused by a force (a push or a pull on something). FORCE of ACCELERATION For example: A)What force causes a bicycle to stop? o Friction caused by brakes pushing on tires o Friction caused by tires pushing on road 6

FORCE of ACCELERATION, continued… B) What force causes a car to turn? - Friction pushing against the side of the tires. 7

FORCE of ACCELERATION, continued… C) What force causes a rocket to take off? - The force of the exhaust gases pushing out the bottom of the rocket. 8

FORMULA of ACCELERATION

SI Units of ACCELERATION m/s/s or m/s 2 or even… km/h/s ** This is because you are dividing speed (m/s or km/h) by time (s) 10

EXAMPLE - #1 SOLVE FOR ACCELERATION: 0 km/hr 5 km/hr10 km/hr 15 km/hr20 km/hr 25 km/hr 0 sec 1 sec2 sec 3 sec 4 sec 5 sec 11 The acceleration of a motorcycle is 5 km/hr/sec (every second, the motorcycle will increase its speed by 5 km/hr)

EXAMPLE #2 A man jumps from a plane. His beginning speed is 100 km/hr SE (southeast), and his final speed with his parachute is 10 km/hr SE (southeast). This took 3 sec. What was his acceleration? The negative sign means that he was decelerating (slowing down). 12 a = S f – S s t a = ? S f = 10 km/hr S s = 100 km/hr t = 3 s a = (10 km/hr – 100 km/hr) 3s = -90km/hr 3s = -30km/hr/s SOLVE FOR ACCELERATION:

ACCELERATION REVIEW #1 1) A change in velocity (or speed) divided by the time it takes for the change to occur equals the object’s _______. 13

ACCELERATION REVIEW #2 2) Imagine yourself driving a car down an empty stretch of road. Describe 3 ways you could you change your acceleration. 14

3) Calculate the acceleration of a bus whose speed changes from 6m/s to 12m/s over a period of 3s. ACCELERATION REVIEW #3 15

ANSWER: 1) The answer is acceleration. Remember that, like velocity, acceleration has a direction. A car that takes a turn has changed its acceleration, even if nothing else changes. ACCELERATION REVIEW #1 16

ANSWER: 2) You could step on the gas; you could also step on the brake; you could turn the wheel, or do any combination of these. ACCELERATION REVIEW #2 17

ANSWER: Calculate the acceleration of a bus whose speed changes from 6m/s to 12m/s over a period of 3s. ACCELERATION REVIEW #3 18 a = S f – S s t a = ? S f = 12 m/s S s = 6 m/s t = 3 s a = (12 m/s – 6 m/s) 3s = 6m/s 3s = 2 m/s/s

PART 2 Interpreting Graphs 19

You can represent the acceleration of an object with a speed-time graph speed is plotted on the vertical axis (y) time is plotted on the horizontal axis (x) Reading Graphs of Acceleration

An object that is speeding up will have a line that slopes upward (Ex. A) Reading Graphs of Acceleration

An object that is slowing down will have a line that slopes downward (Ex. C) Reading Graphs of Acceleration

A horizontal line represents an acceleration of zero or constant speed (Ex. B) Reading Graphs of Acceleration

Copy Graph Below and Label

25 ACCELERATION REVIEW #4 4) When reading an acceleration graph, what variable will you find on the y- axis? On the x-axis? HINT: a = S f – S s t

26 ANSWER #4 SPEED (y-axis) & TIME (x-axis) a = S f – S s t

ACCELERATION REVIEW #5 5) What is happening at point A in this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed 27

Point A = object is speeding up LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH ANSWER #5 28

ACCELERATION REVIEW #6 29 6) What is happening at point B in this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed

ANSWER #6 30 Point B = object has a constant speed LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH

ACCELERATION REVIEW #7 31 7) What is happening at point C in this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed

ANSWER #7 32 Point C = object is slowing down LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH