Magnets Attilio Milanese Doing Business with CERN Cyprus Chamber of Commerce & Industry 20 May 2014

A unique accelerator complex… 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

… full of magnets! 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese 163 warm magnets 9458 cold magnets (3.1 km) 398 magnets (2.6 km) 315 magnets 1425 magnets (876 m) 119 magnets 264 magnets 59 magnets 128+54 magnets 30+44 magnets 245 magnets 44 magnets About 3300 in the LHC injectors, plus experimental areas, antiproton chain and CTF3. 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Magnets take about 70% of CERN accelerators. Proton Synchrotron Booster Super Proton Synchrotron Large Hadron Collider 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

From hummingbirds to elephants… LINAC4 quadrupole 1 kg, 60x60x80 mm Spectrometer magnet in East Hall 65 tons, 750 kW 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

An example: LEIR (Low Energy Ion Ring) 4 dipoles 60 tons each 132 kW each to “bend” the particles 20 quadrupoles 3.5 tons each 13 kW each to “focus” the particles 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Technologies for particle accelerator magnets Resistive At CERN ≈ 4800 installed resistive magnets (≈ 50 000 tons) in more than 400 families, plus ≈ 1500 stored magnets. They are the workhorses of all CERN accelerators but the LHC (though there are resistive magnets in the LHC). Permanent magnets At CERN just “a few ones”, ≈ 110 permanent magnet quadrupoles in the LINAC4, a few others for experiments. Superconducting At CERN ≈ 9500 installed superconducting magnets (about 50 000 tons, without counting the detector magnets). They are the heart of the LHC. The magnet technology is mostly dictated by the required magnetic field level. In the next slides we focus on resistive magnets. 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Anatomy of a resistive magnet: a dipole magnetic field for the particle beam iron yoke coil iron yoke coil ancillaries magnet + = 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Anatomy of a resistive magnet: a few types 2 poles = dipole 4 poles = quadrupole 6 poles = sextupole 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Competences for yoke manufacturing For laminated yokes: stamping of laminations in a press gluing (curing in an oven) / welding a stacking of laminations to form a solid piece some machining (drilling, milling) For solid yokes: machining from a solid piece of iron, usually milling or EDM In both cases: check the mechanical tolerances, typically in the ± 20 micron range (CMM, vertical column, project specific tooling) Often some very specific operations are sub-contracted to specialists, for example the stamping. precision mechanics 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Competences for coil manufacturing For classical epoxy-impregnated coils: wrapping of conductor insulation winding of the coil (winding machine plus coil specific mandrel) impregnating the coil (oven and vacuum tank) brazing of the electric / hydraulic terminals testing (mostly electric) of the coil 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Competences for overall magnet assembly some more design work with respect to yoke and coil manufacturing (where it’s required mostly for the toolings) precision mechanics in case an assembly of the yoke in several parts is needed dimensional controls on the magnet, tools similar to what needed for the yoke testing, mostly electric insulation resistance to ground turn-to-turn insulation resistance resistance and inductance pressure testing of the cooling circuit flow rate check of the cooling circuit 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Industry and resistive magnets at CERN: examples Consolidation program spare coils spare magnets electric / hydraulic connections Upgrades new magnet yokes for energy saving in existing machines upcoming beam lines requiring magnets (ex. HIE-ISOLDE, LINAC4) Development (without considering the superconducting world) magnetic characterization of steel yoke manufacturing and assembly techniques radiation hardness of coil insulation technology of hydraulic connections magnets for future accelerators electric testing devices 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Resistive magnets for new machines: examples ELENA ​Extra Low ENergy Antiproton SESAME members: Bahrain Cyprus Egypt Iran Israel Jordan Pakistan Palestinian Authority Turkey SESAME Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science & Applications in the Middle East 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Magnet: from “the Magnesian stone” Magnesia, region in Thessaly Conclusion Magnet: from “the Magnesian stone” Magnesia, region in Thessaly Magnesia: not that far… 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

Conclusion Cyprus: island of Aphrodite and copper Copper from Latin aes Cyprium, metal of Cyprus Shepherd's crook, ca. 2000–1900 B.C. Cypriot; said to be from Kourion Copper-based metal 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese

eυχαριστώ (efharistó) CERN welcomes opportunities to work together in magnet related technology. thank you eυχαριστώ (efharistó) 20 May 2014 Attilio Milanese