The Eisenhower Administration Chapter 21 Section 4

Election of 1952 Tired of the criticism & uncertain he could win, Truman decided not to run again Dems nominated Adlai Stevenson, gov’r of IL The Repubs chose Dwight D. Eisenhower (IKE), the general who had organized the D-Day invasion Despite Stevenson’s charming personality & skilled speech making, he had no chance against a nat’l hero who had helped win WWII Americans were looking for someone they could trust to lead the nation in its CoW struggle against communism IKE won in a landslide

IKE’s Ideas for the Cold War IKE was convinced that the key to victory in the CoW was not simply military might but also a strong economy The U.S. had to show the world that free enterprise could produce a better and more prosperous society than communism At the same time, economic prosperity would prevent Communists from gaining support in the U.S. & protect society from subversion

Military Technologies IKE began development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that could deliver bombs anywhere in the world 10/4/1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth This technology triumph alarmed Americans, who took it as a sign that the U.S. was falling behind the USSR in missile technology 1958, Congress created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to coordinate research in rocket science & space exploration

Korean War Ends? IKE became convinced that the ongoing battle was costing too many lives & bringing too few victories He quietly let the Chinese know that the U.S. might continue the Korean War “under circumstances of our own choosing”– a hint at nuclear attack The threat to go to the brink of nuclear war seemed to work 7/1953, negotiators signed an armistice The battle line between the two sides, became the border between both Koreas; a “demilitarized zone” (DMZ) separated them American troops are still based in Korea, helping South Korea defend its border

Korean DMZ

Issues in Egypt To build support among Arabs, Dulles (Sec. of State) offered to help Egypt finance the construction of a dam on the Nile River The deal ran into trouble in Congress because Egypt had bought weapons from Communist Czechoslovakia ▫Dulles was force to withdraw the offer A week later, Egyptian troops seized control of the Suez Canal from the Anglo-French company that had controlled it 10/1956, GB & French troops invaded Egypt. USSR threatened rocket attacks on GB & France & offered to send troops to help Egypt Under U.S. pressure, the British & French called off their invasion The USSR had won a major diplomatic victory ▫other Arab nations began accepting Soviet aid as well

CIA Covert Operations To prevent Communist uprising in other countries, IKE decided to use covert, or hidden, operations conducted by the CIA Many of the CIA’s operations took place in developing nations Leaders looked to the USSR as a model of how to industrialize their countries They often threatened to nationalize, or put under gov’t control, foreign businesses operating in their countries

Soviet Change of the Guard 1953, Stalin died, and a power struggle began in the USSR 1956, Nikita Khrushchev had emerged as the leader of the USSR 1956, Khrushchev delivered a secret speech to Soviet leaders, he attacked Stalin’s policies & insisted there were many ways to build a Communist society ▫Although the speech was secret CIA obtained a copy ▫the CIA had it broadcasted to E’rn Europe. 6/1956, riots erupted in E’rn Europe; By late October, a full scale uprising had begun in Hungary Soon after the uprising began, USSR tanks rolled into Hungary & crushed the rebellion. Nikita Khrushchev

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QUIZ 1.Who was Eisenhower’s opponent for the Election of 1952? 2.This the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth? 3.The battle line between the two sides, became the border between both Koreas was called this? 4.What African country is home to the Suez Canal? 5.Who emerged as the leader of the USSR after the death of Joseph Stalin?