1.1 The Study of Life KEY CONCEPT Biology is the study of all forms of life.

1.1 The Study of Life 1.1 Objectives –Students will be able to define and give examples of Earth’s biodiversity. –Students will be able to summarize the characteristics that all living things share. –Students will be able to summarize and give examples of the four major unifying themes of biology.

1.1 The Study of Life Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life. The biosphere includes all living things and all the places they are found. biosphere = everywhere life exists

1.1 The Study of Life Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life. Every part of the biosphere is connected with every other part. The biosphere includes many environments. –land environments

1.1 The Study of Life The biosphere includes many environments. –saltwater and freshwater environments –portions of the atmosphere Tidepool Estuary

1.1 The Study of Life –Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. –Biodiversity is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures. Biodiversity is the variety of life. Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator.

1.1 The Study of Life –Members of a species can interbreed to reproduce. –There are about 2 million different living species have been identified. A species is one particular type of living thing.

1.1 The Study of Life All organisms share certain characteristics. Biology is the scientific study of all forms of life.

1.1 The Study of Life An organism is any individual living thing. –All are made of one or more cells.

1.1 The Study of Life –All need energy for metabolism. An organism is any individual living thing. –All are made of one or more cells. –All respond to their environment. –All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.

1.1 The Study of Life 1.1 Review 1.How are species related to the concept of biodiversity? 2.How do the characteristics of living things contribute to an organism’s survival? 3.What is the relationship between cells and organisms? 4.How does biodiversity depend on a species’ ability to reproduce? 5.You respond automatically to many different stimuli, such as loud noises. Why might a quick response to a sound be important?

1.1 The Study of Life 1.How are species related to the concept of biodiversity? Biodiversity is the variety and number of species in a given area.

1.1 The Study of Life 2. How do the characteristics of living things contribute to an organism’s survival? The cells that are the basic unit of life carry out the functions needed to support and maintain life, for which they require a continual supply of energy. The ability to respond to the environment helps an organism to avoid injury and death, as well as meet material needs. Reproduction and development enables species survival.

1.1 The Study of Life 3. What is the relationship between cells and organisms? All organisms are made of one or more cells, which are the functional units of life, carrying out activities that support life.

1.1 The Study of Life 4. How does biodiversity depend on a species’ ability to reproduce? Without the ability to reproduce, a species would become extinct, which would lead to a decrease in biodiversity.

1.1 The Study of Life 5. You respond automatically to many different stimuli, such as loud noises. Why might a quick response to a sound be important? A quick response could protect against hearing damage or a physical threat.

1.1 The Study of Life KEY CONCEPT Unifying themes connect concepts from many fields of biology. 2

1.1 The Study of Life All levels of life have systems of related parts. A system is an organized group of interacting parts. –A cell is a system of chemicals and processes. –A body system includes organs that interact. –An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that interact. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Biologists study many different systems. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Structure and function are related in biology. Structure determines function. –Proteins with different structures perform different functions. –Heart muscle cells have a different structure and function than stomach muscle cells. –Different species have different anatomical structures with different functions. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments. Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions. 2

1.1 The Study of Life –Homeostasis is usually maintained through negative feedback. –Negative feedback systems return a condition to its normal (set) point. Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Behaviors and adaptations can help maintain homeostasis. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life. Evolution is the change in living things over time. –The genetic makeup of a population of a species changes. –Evolution can occur through natural selection of adaptations. –Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are passed to future generations. 2

1.1 The Study of Life Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life. 2

1.1 The Study of Life 1.2 Review Describe a biological system. Give an example of how structure is related to function in living things. Why is homeostasis essential for living things? What is the relationship between adaption and natural selection? How are structure and function related to adaption? How is the process of natural selection involved in evolution? 2