Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

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Presentation transcript:

Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Continental Effects: Monsoon Winter: Ocean warmer than land Rising air over ocean Summer Land warmer than ocean Rising air over land

Atmospheric Circulation July in the Northern Hemisphere: Land warmer than sea; Low pressure over land January in the Northern Hemisphere: Sea warmer than land; Low pressure over ocean

Wind-Driven Circulation (Gyre Circulation)

Ekman Spiral: Friction + Coriolis Wind + Friction  Currents slow with depth Coriolis deflects current to right Summed over depth  total transport 900 to right of wind = Ekman Transport

Ekman Upwelling and Downwelling

Biologically Productive Areas: Precipitation on Land Upwelling in Ocean

Precipitation minus Evaporation P-E = freshwater input to ocean Patterns follows the ascending and descending branches of atm circulation cells  sea surface salinity

Sea Surface Salinity (per mil or psu)

Thermohaline Circulation (Conveyor Belt)

Hydrothermal Vents at the Sea Floor