1932 Presidential Election/ 1 st New Deal March 30, 2015

1932 Presidential Election Herbert Hoover (Republican) Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat) FDR Grew up wealthy Married to Eleanor Roosevelt – Distant cousin 5 th cousin – Teddy Roosevelt – walked Eleanor down isle (also her uncle) 1915: New York State Senate 1918: Assistant Sec. of Navy (Wilson) 1921: Falls off boat & diagnosed with polio – Paralyzed from waist down 1928: governor of NY 1932: Pledges “New Deal” for American people FDR: Believes FEDERAL gov’t needs to be more involved HOOVER: Believes no federal gov’t involved (state/ local)

FDR wins by 7 million votes Cabinet: advisors to President – Ex: Sec. of Treasury; Sec. of State Frances Perkins is named Sec. of Labor – 1 st female cabinet member Eleanor was FDRs “eyes and ears” – Traveled heavily because FDR could not 1933: Bonus Army return to DC for bonuses FDR sends Eleanor to explain that federal gov’t does not have $$$ Eleanor sings with vets on front lawn of White House – Shows that the gov’t cares – Unlike Hoover who used bayonets & tear gas

Within first 100 days… – FDR proposed and passed 15 bills Known as 1 st New Deal 1 st New Deal Goals: fix economy – Focus on banks, business, jobs 1.Relief from IMMEDIATE hardships of depression 2.Achieve LONG TERM economic recovery 3.Gov’t reforms to prevent future depressions Fireside chat: communicate with American people over the radio 1 st time a president uses technology to communicate with people Calms & reassures Americans that banks safe/ no withdrawals (keeps banks from closing) Emergency Banking Bill: banks forced to close for holidays; Sundays; weekends Gives banks time to get $$$ in order (prevents withdrawals)

First New Deal March 31, 2015

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – Insured money in banks up to $5,000 (today $250,000) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – Monitor stock market – No buying stock with credit Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Overproduction = LOW Prices AAA sought to end overproduction of crops & meats to RAISE prices – Give $$$ to farmers to NOT farm all land – Kill livestock (chickens/ cows) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Tennessee VERY poor/ no electricity TVA built dams to control floods & generate electricity Creates jobs & brings in business (electricity)

Civilian Conservation Corps. (CCC) Provide jobs to over 2 million to replant forests, build trails, dig irrigation ditches, fight fires, etc. Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) Funds to help the unemployed (start of unemployment compensation) Public Works Administration (PWA) Provides jobs to build roads, bridges, highways, dams, gov’t buildings, etc. National Recovery Administration (NRA) Sets up minimum wage and set prices for products – So people have $$$ to purchase Pictures: Overseas Highway (Key West) NY Triborough Bridge: connects Manhattan, Bronx, and Queens

Opposition to FDRs New Deal Most opposition came from conservatives Conservatives: Believe the gov’t should be LESS involved – Spend LESS Conservatives believe that the New Deal results in: 1.Gov’t too powerful (too involved) 2.Gov’t spending too much (taxes will increase) 3.Socialism (everyone getting relief) Liberals: Believe that the gov’t should be MORE involved (spend more) Liberals think the NEW DEAL is not doing enough