Tuesday, February 9 th Bell Work: Please pick up the document analysis handout from the back table. Take the first few minutes of class to silently complete the analysis questions.

Daily Agenda: Essential Question: Where and how did Islam gain a foothold in India? Homework: Read and take notes on Ch. 11 in your review book (quiz on Wednesday on Africa and South Asia) Bell Work: Document 7 Analysis WoD  etymology Kahoot Review Lecture: Africa in the Post-Classical Era Summarizer: Rock, Paper, Scissors Review Simulation: Indian Ocean Trade

etymology – the origin, true meaning, and development of words Pronunciation In the game Far Cry Primal, for authenticity the developers asked experts on language to help them create versions of the long dead language “Proto-Indo-European”. Important part begins at 1:19 VIDEOFebruary 9th, Block 1

Concept Review Please take out your electronic device. Now that you have had the opportunity to read and learn a bit about African history, lets see what is sinking in. Go to In a moment I will put up the game pin. The top score today will earn a late homework pass.

Theme #1 - Demographics The Bantu migrated over 1500 years from West Africa throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the slow nature of their migration, what effect would this have on Sub-Saharan Africa? Yams, taro, chicken, and bananas were introduced from Southeast Asia by Indian Ocean merchants. How would this impact Africa’s population density?

Theme #2 – Cultural Interactions Traditional Religions  Mostly monotheistic, with a male creator who was omniscient and omnipotent. Believed in lesser gods associated with natural features. Very practical (versus theological), with rituals playing a major role. Diviners played a vital role in consulting oracles or prescribing medicines. How would followers of these traditional beliefs respond to the introduction of Islam and Christianity? In both cases, converts continued to accommodate their traditional culture in terms of dress, gender relations, and ancestor rituals. Griots, artistic production (masks), music and dance all served a vital role in passing on African history in the absence of written languages. How have these traditions both hindered and benefitted African society today?

Theme #3 – Political Structures Stateless Societies  Governed through patriarchal kinship groups with a chief. What allowed this system to last for hundreds of years in Africa? Centralized Kingdoms  Population pressures led to strained land resources and the development of distinct militaries and governments under kings (later with bureaucracies). Why might governments struggle to retain their control in Africa (especially compared to other regions)?

Theme #4 – Economic Development Trans-Saharan Trade  Made possible by the introduction of the camel and useful saddle. Main products: Salt and Gold. (Ghana, Mali, Songhai) Who were they trading with? What allowed them to expand this trade? Indian Ocean Trade  Swahili culture emerged blending Bantu and Arabic. Main products: Ivory, slaves, and exotics. (Kilwa, Zanzibar, Mombasa) How would this exchange impact the culture and even social structure of East Africa?

Theme #5 – Social Structures Age Groupings  Age sets performed tasks appropriate to their development and formed tight circles of friends. Along with kinship and gender groupings, what is the advantage of using age sets as a means of social organization? Slavery  From Prisoners of War and debtors used as agricultural or construction laborers to slave raiding. What would cause such a change? What other reasons might slavery be so deep seeded in Africa?

Rock, Paper, Scissors Review Working with a shoulder partner, compete in a best of 3 rock, paper, scissors battle to determine a winner. The loser in your battle will answer each question for their partner. Both partners must be prepared to share with the class what you discussed.

Rock, Paper, Scissors Review Questions 1.What impact did the Bantu Migration have on Africa? 2.Where did Islam spread to in Africa? How did it affect the culture and politics of the region? 3.How was East Africa similar and different to West Africa?

Mapping Trade An Indian Ocean Trade Simulation

Assigned Groups: Kilwa Lexi, Cody, Lena, Ben Malindi Nick, Mia, Brandon, Gavin Mombasa Cali, Icely, Vashti, Melanie Calicut Bodie, Hannah, Lena Melaka Sydney, Ryan, Robert Aden Jared, Bailee, Rielly, Caylee

Procedures: Overall Goal  Profit! 1.After completing your “How to Make a Profit” sheets, your group will plan its merchant voyages. 2.Each group can make 2 round trips for trade purposes. You must start in the region of your assigned city. 3.On each trip, your group may buy and/or sell products. Keep track of your overall profits in each round. 4.You will have 15 minutes to determine the best approach for your voyages, complete your balance sheet, and determine your total profits for your voyage. 5.Five minutes into our simulation, your team will be given a “Chance” card detailing a unaccounted for outcome. Read the card and follow the directions.

Let’s Trade!

Debriefing: 1.Why would similar products have different prices in different locations? 2.What proved to be the most valuable trade product? Why might this be? 3.Was the interaction that would have occurred been solely financial? How might it have been cultural, social, and/or political? 4.Would a civilization benefit from being a part of this type of trading network? 5.What civilizations were notably left out of this trade? 6.How would a city like Kilwa compare economically to a city like London? 7.In what way was this a flawed simulation? What didn’t we account for?

Essential Question: Where and How did Islam gain a foothold in India? Islam gained a foothold in Northern India through conquest (Delhi Sultanate) and along the east coast of India by merchants / trade (the Indian Ocean trade network).

Chapter 15 – Key Points to Remember India influenced its surrounding societies just as Greece, Rome, Constantinople, and China did. However, the great difference between India and these four civilizations was that no centralized Indian state developed after the Mauryan Empire, whereas… o The Greeks were centralized under Alexander the Great o Rome in the Roman Empire o Constantinople (eastern Roman Empire) in the Byzantine Empire o China under subsequent dynasties especially the Han and the Tang.

Merchants were the primary force spreading Indian ideas of religion and politics to southeast Asia. Hinduism and Islam became the dominant religions in India. o Buddhism had greater success outside of its home. Islam took hold in the north due to conquest and along the trading cities (emporia) of the east coast due to trade. o Islam was embraced by many in the lower castes? Why?

Sufis – Islamic missionaries who didn’t represent Islam as an exclusive faith. Bhakti movemen t attempted to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam; and tried to show a way in which these two religions could coexist.

Cross Cultural Trade in Indian Ocean basin Arabic Dhows Chinese Junks

Cross Cultural Trade in Indian Ocean basin Emporia – Indian port cities and cosmopolitan centers, served as clearinghouses of trade. o They were warehouses for merchants from Africa, Asia, Europe, and China. The Importance of Melaka o Primarily Muslim

Cross Cultural Trade in Indian Ocean basin What was traded? o Silk and porcelain from China o Spices from Southeast Asia o Pepper, gems, pearls, and cotton from India o Incense and horses from Arabia and Southwest Asia o Gold, Ivory, and slaves from east Africa What was produced? o High quality cotton textiles o Sugar, leather, stone, carpets, iron, and steel

Cross Cultural Trade in Indian Ocean basin

Indian Ocean Trade Network remained the LARGEST trade network in the world until the 1600s. Why? The Age of Exploration by that time had opened up the HUGE markets of North and South America.

Rock, Paper, Scissors Review Questions 1.How was the Indian Ocean trade network similar to and different from the Silk Road? 2.Why did one thrive while the other collapsed? 3.What was Emporia? Why was it in India? 4.What was traded in the Indian Ocean trade network? 5.What were the limitations of the Indian Ocean Trade network?