Chapter 1Classification Lesson 1Where on Earth do organisms live? The Biosphere: The part of the Earth that can support living things. Only a small part of the actual Earth can support life (the crust) Organisms in the Biosphere: Scientists believe there are many organisms that exist but have not been discovered yet. some parts of Earth are not easy to explore many organisms are microscopic and hard to find Organisms in each environment interact with each other so one change can affect all organisms that live there.

Variety Among Living Things: Adaptation: a characteristic that allows an organism to survive in its environment Structures: gills for fish in the water, spines on a cactus to conserve water, peacocks have bright feathers to attract mates Behaviors: dogs growl when they feel threatened, opossums play dead All living things are similar by having the same life processes: Get energy, use energy, get rid of wastes, grow, reproduce, respond to change

Groups of Organisms: Species is a group of organisms with the most similar characteristics whose members can mate and produce offspring Each organism has a scientific name made up of its genus and species Ex) cow scientific name is Bos primigenius Members of a species are not identical but have similar body structures Scientists believe 99% of all species that lived on Earth are extinct and left no fossil evidence so we will never know anything about them.

Lesson 2 How Do Scientists Group Organisms

Organisms in The Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria: single-celled organisms with no nucleus that can live where most other organisms can not. (very hot areas, very salty water) Eubacteria: single-celled organisms with no nucleus that live almost everywhere on Earth. Some are helpful to other living things and some are harmful.

Protist Kingdom: Mostly one-celled organisms with a nucleus. Some protists eat other organisms while others are able to make their own food(photosynthesis) There are more than 200,000 protists, most are helpful. Ex) algae, hydra algae hydra

Fungus: Mostly many-celled organisms that grow in damp, darker places and get energy from the living things they grow on and around. Many fungus produce chemicals that break down the organisms they grow on to release the energy they need. Mushrooms and molds have threadlike or root-like strands called HYPHAE that take in nutrients.

Plant Kingdom: Without plants, life of Earth would not exist because most living things get energy directly or indirectly from plants. Vascular Plants have tubes that carry nutrients and water through the plants.( like tree trunks and branches or flower stems carry water) Nonvascular Plants do not have tubes so water and nutrients must be passed from cell to cell so they can not grow tall.

Animal Kingdom: Animals are many-celled organisms that get energy by eating other living things. Animals are classified by similarities. All animals can be classified as invertebrates without backbones (95% of all animal species) or vertebrates (called chordates) have backbones. INVERTEBRATE EXAMPLES: sponge Spiny-skinned (Echinoderm) Mollusks Segmented worms