Chapter Two The Constitution. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-2 Enduring Questions What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Two The Constitution

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-2 Enduring Questions What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation? How did the authors of the Constitution view human nature? How can a government be strong enough to govern without threatening freedom? Has the system of separated powers and checks-and-balances protected liberty?

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-3 Human Nature Rights ordained by God, discoverable by reason, essential to progress Real revolution a radical change in popular views of political authority

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-4 Articles of Confederation Established after signing of the Declaration of Independence National problems Weaknesses of the Articles Meeting at Mount Vernon (1785) and Annapolis Convention (1786) led to Constitutional Convention (1787)

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-5 The Constitutional Convention The lessons of experience The Framers

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-6 The Challenge Frame a government strong enough to preserve order, but not so strong that it threatens liberty The Virginia Plan (large states supported) The New Jersey Plan (small states supported) The Great (or Connecticut) Compromise reconciled small and large states’ interests

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-7 The Constitution and Democracy Founders didn’t intend to create a direct democracy but a republic To avoid domination by populous states, popular rule only one element of new government Two key principles distributed power: Separation of powers and federalism Government and human nature

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-8 The Constitution and Liberty Issue in state ratification conventions was liberty, not democracy The Anti-Federalist view A bill of rights necessary to secure ratification

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2-9 The Constitution and Slavery Three constitutional provisions relate to slavery Failure to address slavery in the Constitution necessary to secure ratification Debate leading to the Civil War

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Political Ideals or Economic Interests? Charles A. Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (1913) Critique of Beard

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Liberty and Equality Founding Fathers and end of social inequalities Government must restrain economic inequalities A recipe for moderation

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved Reconsidering the Enduring Questions What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation? How did the authors of the Constitution view human nature? How can a government be strong enough to govern without threatening freedom? Has the system of separated powers and checks-and-balances protected liberty?