RELIGIOUS REFORMATIONS IN THE WEST Lesson 3

Main Ideas: The foundations of the Reformation are based in Renaissance principlesThe foundations of the Reformation are based in Renaissance principles The Reformation ended the dominance of the Church in European society & politics.The Reformation ended the dominance of the Church in European society & politics. The Reformation forced the Church to alter its own policies and teachingsThe Reformation forced the Church to alter its own policies and teachings

Renaissance Influences Humanism— intellectual individualismHumanism— intellectual individualism Increased education & learning—curiosity & critical thinkingIncreased education & learning—curiosity & critical thinking The Printing PressThe Printing Press Church problemsChurch problems

Protestant Ideas Christians could have a personal relationship with God; Church hierarchies interrupted this linkChristians could have a personal relationship with God; Church hierarchies interrupted this link Salvation was achieved through faith, not good worksSalvation was achieved through faith, not good works The Bible was the definitive source of God’s will; its interpretation was subjective (should be left to the reader), thus its message was personalThe Bible was the definitive source of God’s will; its interpretation was subjective (should be left to the reader), thus its message was personal

Significant Protestant Movements LutheranismLutheranism – Martin Luther (GER) – Began Protestant movement CalvinismCalvinism – Jean Calvin (FRA & SWI) – rejection of symbolic expressions (esp. sacraments) – Predestination –Participation of all believers in church affairs– influence attitudes toward government (theocratic Geneva)

Significant Protestant Movements AnglicanismAnglicanism – Henry VIII & Elizabeth I (ENG) – Papal authority cannot supersede the state within its borders AnabaptistsAnabaptists – Peasant movement in C Europe – “communal church” – rejection of infant baptism

Responses Spread of ProtestantismSpread of ProtestantismSpread of ProtestantismSpread of Protestantism Political attraction of ProtestantismPolitical attraction of Protestantism Peasant revolts in Germany & England, Peasant revolts in Germany & England, – Luther denounces Religious wars of 16 th - 17 th Cent.Religious wars of 16 th - 17 th Cent. – religious motivations rapidly dissolve – Treaties of Augsburg (1555) & Westphalia (1648)

The Counter-Reformation The InquisitionThe Inquisition Reaching out: the Jesuit movementReaching out: the Jesuit movement The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent – agrees with Prots. on corruption – faith must be balanced with good works –Pope & Bible equally valid leaders of faith, but subjective interpretation of scriptures rejected Fr. Ignatius Loyola

Effects of the Reformation End of Church dominance; part of transition to powerful monarchiesEnd of Church dominance; part of transition to powerful monarchies Gradual separation of Church & state; Westphalia ends religious wars, makes faith a state determinationGradual separation of Church & state; Westphalia ends religious wars, makes faith a state determination Fragmentation of Christianity steady to this day (provides both strengths and weaknesses)Fragmentation of Christianity steady to this day (provides both strengths and weaknesses) Origin of marginalization or open rejection of Christian beliefs in 19th & 20th Cent. movementsOrigin of marginalization or open rejection of Christian beliefs in 19th & 20th Cent. movements

Spread of Protestantis m, 16 th -17 th Century