Organelle Notes

(1) Nucleus FUNCTION: –Stores DNA / Chromosomes –Covered in Nuclear Envelope –Nucleolus makes ribosomes –“Controls” cell STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(2) Endoplasmic Reticulum FUNCTION: –Lipid production + assembly –Protein assembly –Lipid + Protein export STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(3) Ribosome FUNCTION: –Protein production STRUCTURE:

(4) Golgi Body / Apparatus FUNCTION: –Modify, Sort & Package proteins –Take materials ER  Package to be shipped to other areas of the cell, or to be secreted out of the cell! STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(5) Mitochondrion FUNCTION: –Convert chemical energy stored in food, into ATP –Undergo Cellular Respiration STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(6) Chloroplast FUNCTION: –Convert light energy from the sun, into stored energy in food. –Undergo photosynthesis STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(7) Lysosome FUNCTION: –Filled with enzymes that digest/break down lipids, carbs, proteins and other molecules into smaller forms. –Digest “useless” cell parts. STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(8) Peroxisome FUNCTION: –Contain catalase –Break down hydrogen peroxide. STRUCTURE: (looks like lysosome)

(9) Centriole / Centrosome FUNCTION: –Centrioles are unique to animal cells. –Centrioles organize DNA during replication + division. –Centrosomes produce microtubules like centrioles. –Centrosomes also help w/division in plant cells. STRUCTURE: (see next slide)

(10) Vacuole FUNCTION: –Storage sac for materials like water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates. –Plants use them to maintain structure. STRUCTURE: (see next slide)