Woodrow Wilson Dates in Office: Nickname: The Professor Political Party: Democrat Major Events: 17 th Amendment ratified Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act World War I – 14 Points and Treaty of Versailles 18 th Amendment ratified 19 th Amendment ratified

The Roaring Twenties Economic boom Effects of WWI – Improved technology – Increased consumer culture World’s highest standard of living – Wages soar 22% – Work hours/days decreased

NORMALCY AND GOOD TIMES Politics of the Roaring Twenties

WARREN G. HARDING’S ADMINISTRATION Common man’s President – Looked the part, but not-so-smart Return to “normalcy” The Ohio Gang – Unqualified – Corrupt

The Republican Renaissance New Republican ideals – Return to laissez faire economics – Disregard of anti-trust laws – Labor movement struggles Fordney-McCumber Tariff – Good for domestic business – Bad for European business

Teapot Dome Scandal Massive oil reserves found at Teapot Dome, Wyoming Sec. of the Interior Albert B. Fall – Bribes – Evidence tampering – Jury tampering Harding unaffected – Uninvolved or unaware – Died of pneumonia

Warren G. Harding Dates in Office: Nickname: Winnie Political Party: Republican Major Events: Emergency Quota Act Teapot Dome Scandal Washington Disarmament Conference

Coolidge’s Administration “Silent Cal” Runs for his own presidency (1924) – “Stay cool with Coolidge” – Conservative, isolationist, pro-business “The chief business of the American people is business.”

Changes to Business Modern organizational structure – Division of labor designed after factory labor – Managers vs. executives – Growth of middle class Welfare capitalism Labor struggles

Tough Times on the Farm Agricultural boom during WWI Agricultural boom during WWI – Demand – Technology – Credit Postwar slump Postwar slump – Surplus – Debt McNary-Haugen Bill McNary-Haugen Bill – Congress purchase surplus, then sell overseas – Vetoed 2xs by Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge Dates in Office: Nickname: Silent Cal Political Party: Republican Major Events: Dawes Plan Immigration Act of 1924 Charles Lindbergh make his historic transatlantic flight Kellogg-Briand Pact Scopes Trial

Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (R) Success of Food Admin. in WWI “Rugged individualism” Gov. Alfred E. Smith (D) Progressive, anti- Prohibition leader Catholic

Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems Andrew Mellon – SoT; believed government should operate like a business – Goals: balance the budget, reduce government debt, and cut taxes. Supply-side/”trickle- down” economics