ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit Three: Chapter 13 advocate impede antipathy inclusive emancipate jurisdiction idiosyncrasy precarious imminentpreposterous

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 advocate Advocate means A. to oppose. B. to promote. C. to understand. One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform. Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables. – verb

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Advocate means A. to oppose. B. to promote. C. to understand. One author was refused permission to give a speech on campus because he advocates violence as a means of social reform. Some gardeners consider chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead, they advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and vegetables. The school would refuse to let the author speak because he promotes violence. Gardeners who consider chemicals and pesticides harmful would promote “organic” methods. 1 advocate – verb

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 antipathy – noun Antipathy means A. a strong dislike. B. a lack of concern. C. an preference. Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard. I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Antipathy means A. a strong dislike. B. a lack of concern. C. an preference. Malil’s parents didn’t understand why he hated school until they found that the reason for his antipathy was poor eyesight: he couldn’t see the chalkboard. I can’t believe that my sister is going to marry Frank. Just a few months ago, she showed complete antipathy toward him. In the first item, the word hated tells you that antipathy means “a strong dislike.” In the second item, the sister’s planned marriage to Frank is contrasted with her recent strong dislike for him. 2 antipathy – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 emancipate The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework. When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries. – verb Emancipate means A. to encourage. B. to administer justice. C. to free.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. The salesman promised that his amazing machine—a vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, and carpet shampooer in one—would emancipate us from hours of backbreaking housework. When the Allies entered Germany at the end of World War II, they emancipated many foreigners and political prisoners who had been used as slave laborers in German industries. Emancipate means A. to encourage. B. to administer justice. C. to free. Such an amazing machine would free people from hours of backbreaking work—or so the salesman says. In the second item, the slave laborers were freed by the Allies when they entered Germany. 3 emancipate – verb

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others. For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in black. 4 idiosyncrasy Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Idiosyncrasy means A. a personal habit. B. a dangerous habit. C. a selfish habit. – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT My uncle asks very personal questions, but please don’t be offended—it’s just an idiosyncrasy of his. He doesn’t realize how odd it seems to others. For as long as I’ve known Cara, she’s had the unusual idiosyncrasy of dressing only in black. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Idiosyncrasy means A. a personal habit. B. a dangerous habit. C. a selfish habit. Asking very personal questions is merely an odd personal habit of the uncle. Cara has the unusual personal habit of dressing only in black. 4 idiosyncrasy – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Imminent means A. over. B. delayed. C. likely to occur soon. 5 imminent – adjective We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent. As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Imminent means A. over. B. delayed. C. likely to occur soon. We canceled the picnic because a thunderstorm seemed imminent. As word spread that the king’s death was imminent, the people began to gather at the palace gates. They wanted to be nearby when he died. They would canceled the picnic if a thunderstorm was likely to occur soon. Since the people wanted to be nearby when the king died, they would gather when it seemed his death was likely to occur soon. 5 imminent – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Impede means A. to oppress. B. to slow down. C. to include. Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees. The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement. 6 impede – verb Traffic impeded by a herd of cows

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Impede means A. to oppress. B. to slow down. C. to include. Muddy roads impeded the progress of the trucks bringing food to the refugees. The construction work at the mall impeded shoppers, who had to step around piles of planks, cables, crates, tools, and sacks of cement. Muddy roads would slow down the progress of the trucks. Stepping around the building materials would slow the shoppers down. Traffic impeded by a herd of cows 6 impede – verb

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Inclusive means A. complete. B. lacking something. C. about to start. The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours. The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings. 7 inclusive – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Inclusive means A. complete. B. lacking something. C. about to start. The cost of the vacation package was inclusive, covering our airfare and all hotels, meals, and tours. The newspaper’s coverage of the trial was inclusive; every day, it printed a word-for-word transcript of the courtroom proceedings. Since the cost of the package included all the things listed, it was complete. Since the newspaper printed a word-for-word transcript of the proceedings, its coverage was complete. 7 inclusive – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Jurisdiction means A. advice. B. beliefs. C. control. Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction. The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments. 8 jurisdiction – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Jurisdiction means A. advice. B. beliefs. C. control. Shakespeare’s theater, the Globe, was built across the river from London. Officials had forbidden theaters in London, but the other side of the river was beyond their jurisdiction. The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American soil; those embassies are under the authority of their own governments. Since the Globe was successfully built across the river from London, that area must have been beyond the control of the officials. Since the embassies are under the authority of their own governments, the United States has no control over them. 8 jurisdiction – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Precarious means A. unsafe. B. illegal. C. unusual. The icy roads made travel precarious. The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire. 9 precarious – adjective A climber in a precarious situation

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Precarious means A. unsafe. B. illegal. C. unusual. The icy roads made travel precarious. The old, worn-out electrical wiring in the building puts all the residents in a precarious position. At any moment, it could fail, causing a fire. Icy roads would make travel unsafe. Since the wiring could cause a fire at any moment, it puts the residents in an unsafe position. 9 precarious – adjective A climber in a precarious situation

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Preposterous means A. risky. B. exciting. C. ridiculous. 10 preposterous Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica. The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear. – adjective Preposterously dressed jugglers Photo: David Shankbone

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Preposterous means A. risky. B. exciting. C. ridiculous. Louis always comes up with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes. Now he wants to open a doughnut shop in Antarctica. The discovery of x-rays in 1895 was followed by some preposterous ideas and fears. For example, merchants in England sold “x-ray-proof” underwear. Opening a doughnut shop in Antarctica sounds like a ridiculous get-rich-quick scheme. “X-ray-proof” underwear is a ridiculous idea. 10 preposterous – adjective Preposterously dressed jugglers Photo: David Shankbone

SENTENCE CHECK 1 2.Nutritionists today __________ a diet low in fats and high in fiber. 1.For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would be a(n) _______ occupation. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous

SENTENCE CHECK 1 2.Nutritionists today __________ a diet low in fats and high in fiber. 1.For someone allergic to insect bites, beekeeping would be a __________ occupation. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous advocate precarious Beekeeping would be dangerous for someone allergic to insect bites. Nutritionists support such a diet.

4.When the jury’s verdict was _________, the lawyers, reporters, and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom. SENTENCE CHECK 1 5.I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s wedding on time, but I was ________(e)d by a traffic jam. 3.The caterer’s services were really __________: food, wine, flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of ceremonies. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous

4.When the jury’s verdict was _________, the lawyers, reporters, and spectators immediately returned to the courtroom. SENTENCE CHECK 1 5.I swore that nothing would keep me from getting to Gloria’s wedding on time, but I was __________ by a traffic jam. 3.The caterer’s services were really __________: food, wine, flowers, decorations, coat check, music, and master of ceremonies. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous inclusive imminent impeded The list makes it clear that the caterer’s services included everything. Since everyone immediately returned to the courtroom, the verdict must have been about to be delivered (about to happen). In spite of the vow to get to the wedding on time, a traffic jam delayed the person.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 6.One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________ women from job and wage discrimination. 7.Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines, the federal government had __________ in the case. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous

SENTENCE CHECK 1 6.One aim of today’s women’s groups is to __________ women from job and wage discrimination. 7.Since the bank robbery had involved crossing state lines, the federal government had __________ in the case. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous emancipate jurisdiction Women’s groups would want to free women from job and wage discrimination. Because more than one state was involved, the federal government had authority in the case.

9.When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk, everyone laughed at his __________ idea—until he showed us the frog. 10.Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house. Ralph thought this was just a(n) ________ of hers, but he later learned that it’s a Japanese custom. SENTENCE CHECK 1 8.Burt has a(n) _______ for everything that isn’t “100 percent American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous

9.When the little boy said there was a frog in his glass of milk, everyone laughed at his ___________ idea—until he showed us the frog. 10.Tamiko always takes off her shoes before entering the house. Ralph thought this was just an ___________ of hers, but he later learned that it’s a Japanese custom. SENTENCE CHECK 1 8.Burt has an __________ for everything that isn’t “100 percent American.” He thinks it makes him a patriot, but I think a dislike of foreigners or foreign ways shows ignorance. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. advocateB. antipathyC. emancipateD. idiosyncrasyE.imminent F. impedeG. inclusiveH. jurisdictionI. precariousJ. preposterous antipathy preposterous idiosyncrasy The word dislike tells you that antipathy is the missing word. The idea of a frog in the little boy’s glass of milk sounds absurd. Since Ralph didn’t know it was a custom, he would think it was a quirk.