Effects of industrialization and Urbanization Excess population crowd cities in search of jobs Urban areas increase size Factories develop near.

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Effects of industrialization and Urbanization Excess population crowd cities in search of jobs Urban areas increase size Factories develop near sources of energy Job Specialization

Life in the cities Disease/despair Crime/slums/ghettos Slowly governments start to catch up and improve conditions

Life in the cities Inadequate governments Inadequate housing, Sanitation,water, education

Working conditions Life on the clock/wages Unsafe factory conditions Harsh /severe treatment of workers

Working conditions Long hours Low wages Monotonous work Workers consoled with alcohol-its consequences

New Social Classes “Old” middle-class bankers,merchants Professional middle-class: lawyers, teachers, managers (education+salary )

New Social Classes Resentful landowners and aristocrats Industrial working class: hourly wages