2-1 Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities Warm Up Lesson Presentation Lesson Quiz Holt McDougal Algebra 2 Holt Algebra 2

Opener-NEW SHEET-4/18 Simplify each expression. 1. 2x + 5 – 3x –x + 5 3. 6(2 – 3g) 12 – 18g Graph on a number line. 4. t > –2 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 5. Is 2 a solution of the inequality –2x < –6? Explain. No; when 2 is substituted for x, the inequality is false: –4 < –6

Objectives Solve linear equations using a variety of methods. Solve linear inequalities.

Vocabulary equation solution set of an equation linear equation in one variable identify contradiction inequality

An equation is a mathematical statement that two expressions are equivalent. The solution set of an equation is the value or values of the variable that make the equation true. A linear equation in one variable can be written in the form ax = b, where a and b are constants and a ≠ 0.

Linear Equations in One variable Nonlinear Equations 4x = 8 + 1 = 32 3x – = –9 + 1 = 41 2x – 5 = 0.1x +2 3 – 2x = –5 Notice that the variable in a linear equation is not under a radical sign and is not raised to a power other than 1. The variable is also not an exponent and is not in a denominator. Solving a linear equation requires isolating the variable on one side of the equation by using the properties of equality.

To isolate the variable, perform the inverse or opposite of every operation in the equation on both sides of the equation. Do inverse operations in the reverse order of operations.

Example 1: Consumer Application The local phone company charges $12.95 a month for the first 200 of air time, plus $0.07 for each additional minute. If Nina’s bill for the month was $14.56, how many additional minutes did she use?

Check It Out! Example 1 Stacked cups are to be placed in a pantry. One cup is 3.25 in. high and each additional cup raises the stack 0.25 in. How many cups fit between two shelves 14 in. apart?

Example 2: Solving Equations with the Distributive Property Solve 4(m + 12) = –36 2 Methods

Opener-NEW SHEET-9/27 Solve –3(5 – 4r) = –9. Solve 3(2 –3p) = 42.

If there are variables on both sides of the equation, (1) simplify each side. (2) collect all variable terms on one side and all constants terms on the other side. (3) isolate the variables as you did in the previous problems.

Example 3: Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides Solve 3k– 14k + 25 = 2 – 6k – 12. 7 = k

Check It Out! Example 3 Solve 3(w + 7) – 5w = w + 12.

Yellow Card Equations

You have solved equations that have a single solution You have solved equations that have a single solution. Equations may also have infinitely many solutions or no solution. An equation that is true for all values of the variable, such as x = x, is an identity. An equation that has no solutions, such as 3 = 5, is a contradiction because there are no values that make it true.

Example 4A: Identifying Identities and Contractions Solve 3v – 9 – 4v = –(5 + v).

Example 4B: Identifying Identities and Contractions Solve 2(x – 6) = –5x – 12 + 7x.

Check It Out! Example 4a Solve 3(2 –3x) = –7x – 2(x –3). Solve 5(x – 6) = 3x – 18 + 2x.

An inequality is a statement that compares two expressions by using the symbols <, >, ≤, ≥, or ≠. The graph of an inequality is the solution set, the set of all points on the number line that satisfy the inequality. The properties of equality are true for inequalities, with one important difference. If you multiply or divide both sides by a negative number, you must reverse the inequality symbol.

These properties also apply to inequalities expressed with >, ≥, and ≤.

To check an inequality, test the value being compared with x a value less than that, and a value greater than that. Helpful Hint

Opener-SAME SHEET-4/19 1. Solve and graph 8a –2 ≥ 13a + 8. 2. Solve and graph x + 8 ≥ 4x + 17.

Check It Out! Example 5 –3 ≥ x or x ≤ –3

Team Problems 5 movies x = 6 y = –4 all real numbers, or  1. Alex pays $19.99 for cable service each month. He also pays $2.50 for each movie he orders through the cable company’s pay-per-view service. If his bill last month was $32.49, how many movies did Alex order? 5 movies 2. 2(3x – 1) = 34 3. 4y – 9 – 6y = 2(y + 5) – 3 4. r + 8 – 5r = 2(4 – 2r) 5. –4(2m + 7) = (6 – 16m) x = 6 y = –4 all real numbers, or  no solution, or 6. Solve and graph. q < 5 12 + 3q > 9q – 18 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 °