Figurative Language SATP section 7

figurative language Language that is not literal but represents one thing in terms of another. By drawing together different things, effective figures of speech make vivid and meaningful comparisons.

Hyperbole --deliberate exaggeration or overstatement that is not meant to be taken seriously --extreme exaggeration example: He was so angry he could spit nails.

Hyperbole the use of a big exaggeration to make a point or for effect. - He has tons of money. - Her brain is the size of a pea. - I’ve told you a million times to capitalize people’s names.

Simile a direct comparison of two things using the word like or as example: Her eyes were like stars lighting up the night

Simile a comparison between two unlike things using the words like, as or than -The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky. - They fought like cats and dogs.

Oxymoron a figure of speech in which two terms appear to contradict each other Some examples have become so familiar that we hardly notice the contradiction. Example: deafening silence jumbo shrimp

Metaphor a comparison between two things without using the word like or as the one thing actually becomes the other thing example: Her eyes were bright stars lighting up the night

Metaphor a comparison between two unlike things without using the words like, as, or than; when one thing is the other thing - Her home was a prison. - His hair is straw.

Analogy an extended simile or metaphor that shows how two things are similar in two or more ways Consider an analogy as comparison that goes “one extra step.”

Example: Every single cell in the human body is like a factory. It takes in raw material and converts them into something else in the body.

Idiom an expressions that cannot be understood from the individual elements (words) an expression that does not mean what it literally says Examples : “to have the upper hand”— to have control over something “don’t let the cat out of the bag”— don’t tell the secret “down in the dumps”— to feel depressed / unhappy

Personification a figure of speech where a nonhuman subject is given human qualities example: The sun smiled down on the happy family

Personification giving human qualities to non-human objects - The rain kissed my cheeks as it fell. - The car engine coughed and sputtered as it started. - The microwave timer told me my pizza was ready.

Activity: Figurative Language Creates Imagery Picture this in your mind: The child got mad at the teacher. What does the child look like? What’s he doing? What is the teacher doing? How does it sound?

Picture this in your mind: The child got mad at the teacher. After seeing the grade, her fist hammered the desk and she shrieked like a lioness having come upon two hyenas eating her cub. Simile

Picture this in your mind: The child got mad at the teacher. The football player—a stonebreaker on the field, a stone off it—lamented his ineligibility. Metaphor

Picture this in your mind: The child got mad at the teacher. The bang of the door echoed through the hall as Billy left the room after a long detention. Onomatopeia

Picture this in your mind: The child got mad at the teacher. Stammering a reply and stomping out the door, the young scholar stopped and displayed a rude gesture. Alliteration

Now you try!

SATP practice—pg. 191 pg. 192 pg. 193—194 (sample item on the next power slide)

Pg. 193—practice 3 1. From an article: The dress of the antique doll had brown spots, and her hair looked like a cheap toupee. From an essay: The crackling fire in the fireplace whispered for me to sit on the hearth to watch it.

Pg. 193—practice 3 1. From an article: The dress of the antique doll had brown spots, and her hair looked like a cheap toupee. From an essay: The crackling fire in the fireplace whispered for me to sit on the hearth to watch it.

How does the figurative language help reveal the meaning of the above statements? a.The first statement uses hyperbole to exaggerate the doll’s features. The second statement uses an idiom to describe the fascination of the fire. b.The first statement uses hyperbole to describe the doll’s dress. The second statement uses an idiom to convey a sense of peacefulness.

c.The first statement uses a simile to emphasize the poor quality of hair on the doll. The second statement uses personification to describe the appeal of the fire. d.The first statement uses simile to describe the elaborate hairdo of the doll. The second statement uses personification to emphasize the warmth of the fire.

Section 7.2 Symbolism a device in literature where an object, person, place, or action represents an idea, quality, attitude, or value a word or object stands for another word or object ex: a dove stands for peace

Irony— --the use of language that is opposite of what is actually meant or --an outcome in a situation that is opposite of what is expected There are three types of irony.

3 types of irony Situational irony —the outcome is the opposite of expectations. Example: A mom working with MADD gets ticketed for driving under the influence.

Verbal irony — saying the opposite of what is meant; similar to sarcasm Example: Somebody cuts you off while you are driving, and you shout, “Thanks!”

Dramatic irony —the reader/audience knows something the character doesn’t know Example: Romeo is heartbroken when he finds his beloved Juliet dead. We, however, know she is in a drug-induced sleep. The real tragedy occurs when Romeo kills himself because he cannot bear to live without his true love. Short example: The audience knows Juliet is not really dead, but the characters in the play do NOT know that she isn’t dead.

Paradox reveals a kind of truth which at first seems contradictory --at first, the statement seems false, but it really isn’t Example: People who exercise have more energy than people who don’t exercise. Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage

Allusion a reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing Example: The children considered Mr. Jones a Scrooge.

Imagery --the use of vivid descriptions or figures of speech to create a mental image. --words that appeal to the reader’s senses (hear, smell, taste, see, feel) Example: The young girl shivered on the icy stone bench as she watched each breath appear in the frosty air. The mournful sounds of the large ship horns were her only company as she waited near the harbor.

SATP practice—pp pp

Sound Devices

Section 7.3 Alliteration The repetition of initial consonant sounds in words. Often used in tongue twisters. Example: “The long light shakes across the lakes.” He was determined to doubt and dared me to debate it.

Assonance the repetition of vowel sounds Example: “fleet feet sweep by sleeping geeks” “my words like silent raindrops fell”

Onomatopoeia words that imitate actual sounds Example: “buzz”

Rhyme the repetition of sounds at the ends of words Example: The mouse is in the house.

Rhythm The pattern of beats, or stresses, in spoken or written language. Writers use rhythm to emphasize their ideas and feelings. Poetry that is rhythmic but that does not have a regular pattern is called free verse. Example: Jack and Jill went up a hill to fetch a pail of water; Jack fell down and broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after.

Repetition The intentional use of the same word or words over and over again. Repetition can help the reader understand and remember better. Repetition can help create emphasis, rhythm, and organization. Example from “The Splendor Falls”: Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying, Blow, bugle: answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying.

Word Order (Inverted Word Order) Many times, writers will put the verb before the subject (inverted word order). Think of the way Yoda talks (from Star Wars). Example: Out of the sky fell a shooting star.

SATP practice: pg. 206, section 7.3 pp ex. on slide before practice 3 pp Practice 1 (faulty copies) such as 3. the same and similar sounds at the end of words, such as say, play, and hay More on the next slide...

Practice 3 (faulty copies) 4.B.... statement uses alliteration to emphasize... C. The first statement uses rhyme... assonance to emphasize the... D. The first statement uses rhyme... assonance to describe the gratitude

Example of figurative language in a poem: --from “Courage” by Anne Sexton page 407 in the grammar workbook

It is in the small things we see it, The child’s first step, as awesome as an earthquake. The first time you rode a bike, wallowing up the sidewalk. The first spanking when your heart went on a journey all alone. When they called you crybaby or poor or fatty or crazy and made you into an alien, you drank their acid and concealed it.

Later, when you face your old age and its natural conclusion your courage will be shown in the little ways, each spring will be a sword you’ll sharpen, those you love will live in a fever of love, and you’ll bargain with the calendar and at the last moment when death opens the back door you’ll put on your carpet slippers and stride out.

It is in the small things we see it, The child’s first step, as awesome as an earthquake. The first time you rode a bike, wallowing up the sidewalk. The first spanking when your heart went on a journey all alone. When they called you crybaby or poor or fatty or crazy and made you into an alien, you drank their acid and concealed it. Later, when you face you old age and its natural conclusion your courage will be shown in the little ways, each spring will be a sword you’ll sharpen, those you love will live in a fever of love, and you’ll bargain with the calendar and at the last moment when death opens the back door you’ll put on your carpet slippers and stride out.

1.Write your lines at the top of the paper. 2.Write the connotation of these lines. 3.Write the feeling these lines express. 4.Explain how these lines contribute to the overall meaning/tone/mood of the poem.