Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria

Phyla Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota Korarchaeota Nanoarchaeota Thaumarchaeota

Archaebacteria Archea – means ancient Unicellular Prokaryotes No membrane bound organelles No organized nucleus

Cell Structure Cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer The types of lipids are significantly different from all other membranes Most Archaebacteria have a cell wall that provides protection Move using flagella

Cell Structure Have many different shapes Spherical Rod shaped Spiral Flat Needle like

Metabolism Heterotrophs Autotrophs Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds Organotrophs – organic compounds Autotrophs Phototrophs – use light to make food for energy

Environment Archaea are microbes. Most live in extreme environments. These are called extremophiles. Other Archaea species are not extremophiles and live in ordinary temperatures and salinities. Some even live in your guts!

Environment Methanogens – produce methane Thermophile - love heat would probably freeze to death at ordinary room temperature. Halophiles – love salt, called hypersaline environments

Respiration Obligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not

Asexual reproduction – called binary fission Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells What type of cells are Bacteria? – prokaryotes What does that mean? How do we tell them apart from other cells? – no membrane bound organelles Show youtube video if time 10

Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria

Phyla Grouped based on qualities of their shape and membrane structure More than 20 different Phyla

Eubacteria Eu - means True Unicellular Prokaryotes No membrane bound organelles No organized nucleus

Cell Structure Cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer Many Eubacteria have a cell wall that provides protection Move using flagella

Cell Structure Have three different shapes Cocci Bacilli Spirilla spherical Bacilli Rod shaped Spirilla Spiral

Cell Structure Endospore Created by a bacteria when conditions become unfavourable A hard “shell” surrounding the genetic material

Metabolism Heterotrophs Autotrophs Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds Organotrophs – organic compounds Autotrophs Phototrophs – use light to make food for energy

Environment Bacteria frequently secrete chemicals into their environment in order to modify it favourably Live in a variety of environments

Respiration Obligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not

Asexual reproduction – called binary fission Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells What type of cells are Bacteria? – prokaryotes What does that mean? How do we tell them apart from other cells? – no membrane bound organelles Show youtube video if time 20