What are roots and stems and why do plants have them?

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Presentation transcript:

What are roots and stems and why do plants have them?

Parts of a Root Made of Xylem and Phloem 8 9 7 2 1 7 8 9 3 6 4 5

Root Hairs

Root Hairs Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil. Made from epidermal cells. Found above the meristem

Root Cap The protective covering of the root Protects the apical meristem as it moves through the ground.

Meristem Tissue that contains undifferentiated cells.

Apical Meristem (Apex = tip) Located above the root cap. Increases the length of the plant.

Lateral Meristems (Lateral = side) Responsible for secondary growth (width). Primary cause of tree rings.

What are the two types of roots? Taproots and Fibrous Roots Taproots: Single, thick primary root. Can penetrate as far down as 60 meters. Anchors the plant very securely. Can plumb deep water sources and store nutrients.

Fibrous Roots Small branching roots. No taproot. Increases surface area. Does not anchor as securely.

Function of roots: Uptake of Water and Minerals Anchor the plant

Stems Possible functions of stems: Supports leaves, flowers, and fruits Tree branches Conducts water, nutrients and products of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant. Xylem and phloem in the stem Can store water Ex: cacti Can be responsible for asexual reproduction. Stem cuttings