CIS 228 The Internet Day 4, 9/8/11 Getting on the Internet

HTML Character Entities <<<less than >>>greater than &&&ampersand “""double quote '&apos;'apostrophe  non-breaking space More:

Some HTML Elements inline quotations block quotations line break ordered (numbered) list unordered (bullet) list list item definition list term being described description

Kinds of HTML Element Block elements:,,,, … Inline elements:,,,, … Inline elements cannot contain block elements cannot contain block elements Immediate children of must be blocks Immediate children of and must be is a block element that can have block elements and inline elements as its children an empty element that can be block or inline

Web Page Organization Web pages are stored in files Files live in directories (aka folders) Directories can contain other directories The directory structure forms a tree Files are the leaves of the tree Web pages specify other web pages By the path connecting their respective files

Organizing Your Web Pages Create a directory to be the root of your web site Your main page should be “index.html” In your root directory Web servers will route request for your root directory here Unfortunately, the Windows file system will not Create a sub-directory for images Create a sub-directory for style sheets (maybe) Create a sub-directory structure that Reflects the structure of your web site's content

Web Vocabulary Web page – the unit of hypertext content stored on a server and displayed by a browser Server – a repository for web pages, which are delivered to browsers upon request Browser – obtains web pages specified (explicitly or implicitly via a hyperlink) by a user and displays their contents to the user Hyperlink – clickable html element that indicates a transition to a web page specified by an attribute in the opening tag of the element Hypertext – text containing one or more hyperlinks

Hypertext element specifies a hyperlink Content (the link label) is clickable CSS specifies how this content is displayed Usually underlined and in a distinctive color href attribute specifies a new web page As a path to a file on the same computer, or As URL (Uniform Resource Locator) today's class title attribute is a textual description of the page Suggestion: title attribute should match page's title element id attribute provides a destination for hyperlinks target attributes specifies a different window (or tab)

URL's Uniform Resource Locator protocol://domain:port/path#fragment Protocol – a scheme for exchanging information http (hypertext transfer protocol), ftp, etc. Domain – identifies a server Port – optional number for the protocol to use Path – specifies a file on the server Fragment – specifies a location within the file

Domain Names Top level: com, org, net, edu, mil, … Second level: google.com, cuny.edu, … You can acquire these Provided by Domain Name Registrars ($10/year) Go Daddy, eNom, Tucows, Melbourne IT, Key-Systems Deeper level: lehman.cuny.eduwww.abc.com Administered by the second level name owner Typically, the first name identifies a machine media.lehman.cuny.edu

Web Hosts Your domain, subdomain, or directory Free Advertizing Limited features (storage, bandwidth, functionality) Limited support Google sites ?? Not (typically, $3.50 to $5 per month on up) Support may be worth it for a small business