Sponges Phylum: Porifera

Why are Sponges in the Animal Kingdom?  While sponges can’t move (sessile) most of the time, they are considered heterotrophs.  They take food into their bodies.  Watch this clip titled: Phylum – Porifera Phylum – PoriferaPhylum – Porifera  OR Watch the Brain Pop Clip “Sponges” hill.com/sites/ x/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html# hill.com/sites/ x/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html# hill.com/sites/ x/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html# hill.com/sites/ x/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#

Structure  Collar Cells These cells have flagella to move water through sponge These cells have flagella to move water through sponge Flagella also help strain food for sponge Flagella also help strain food for sponge  Jelly-like Cells Digests food for the sponge Digests food for the sponge Carry away wastes Carry away wastes Form sperm and egg Form sperm and egg  Pores Lets water in and out of the sponge Lets water in and out of the sponge  Osculum Large opening at the top of the sponge to carry away wastes Large opening at the top of the sponge to carry away wastes Also allows new young sponges to be carried away from parent Also allows new young sponges to be carried away from parent  Spikes Gives the sponge a rigid frame Gives the sponge a rigid frame

Activity: Color Coding a Sponge  Osculum – Green  Spikes – Red  Collar Cells – Orange  Pores – Yellow  Jelly-like cells – Pink Osculum Spikes Collar Cells Pores Jelly-like cells Take a Virtual Tour of a Sponge!

Obtaining Food  Getting Food Collar cells trap small protists and bacteriaCollar cells trap small protists and bacteria Collar cells can strain 5000 liters of water per day Collar cells can strain 5000 liters of water per day  Getting Oxygen Oxygen diffuses into the sponge Oxygen diffuses into the sponge THINK! – What is the definition of diffusion? THINK! – What is the definition of diffusion? Movement of particles from high concentration to lowMovement of particles from high concentration to low concentration concentration  Getting Rid of Wastes Waste is also carried out of the sponge by diffusion Waste is also carried out of the sponge by diffusion Watch a Sponge Obtain Food!

Reproduction  Asexual Small, new sponges grow from the side of an adult sponge Small, new sponges grow from the side of an adult sponge Eventually they detach and begin life on their own Eventually they detach and begin life on their own  Sexual A single sponge can produce both eggs and sperm at different times of the year. Therefore, at any point in the year some sponges in the sea are making eggs and some are making sperm. A single sponge can produce both eggs and sperm at different times of the year. Therefore, at any point in the year some sponges in the sea are making eggs and some are making sperm. Water currents carry the sperm from one sponge to the eggs Water currents carry the sperm from one sponge to the eggs Sperm enters through the pores and fertilizes the eggs Sperm enters through the pores and fertilizes the eggs Larva (an immature form that looks different than adult) swim through the water, attach onto a surface, and develop into a non moving adult Larva (an immature form that looks different than adult) swim through the water, attach onto a surface, and develop into a non moving adult

Sexual Reproduction in Sponges