Lifestyle Diseases Heart Attack, Stroke & Diabetes Mrs. Lashmet Health

Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Injury to the heart muscle caused by a loss of blood supply. Usually occurs when the blood flow through the coronary arteries restricted by a clot or plaque. #1 cause of death of adults in the US

Coronary Artery Obstruction

Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms Pressure, fullness or a squeezing pain in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes Pain extending beyond your chest to your shoulder, arm, back, or even to your teeth and jaw Increasing episodes of chest pain

Heart Attack (Signs /Symptoms) Prolonged pain in the upper abdomen Shortness of breath Sweating Lightheadedness Fainting Nausea and vomiting

Uncontrollable Risk Factors Family History of Heart Disease Gender Race Age

Controllable Risk Factors High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Cigarette smoking Lack of physical activity Obesity Keeping diabetes under control Alcohol

Prevention Regular check ups Control BP, and Cholesterol Don’t smoke Exercise Maintain healthy weight Manage stress Eat a heart healthy diet

Surgical Treatments Coronary angioplasty Coronary artery bypass surgery

Bypass Surgery

Long Term Risk Factors Abnormal Heart Rhythms (arrhythmias) Congestive Heart Failure (damage to the pump)

Stroke (Cerebral Vascular Accident) A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduced and brain tissue is deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Within a few minutes to a few hours, brain cells begin to die. 3 rd leading cause of death in the US

Signs and Symptoms Sudden numbness of one side of the body(face, arm, leg) Loss of speech Sudden blurred vision Dizziness or loss of coordination Sudden severe”bolt out of the blue” headache Confusion/memory loss Mini strokes=TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

Causes of Strokes 80% are ischemic strokes (too little blood to the brain) Other 20% are related to rupture of the artery (aneursym, brain tumor)

Controllable Risk Factors High Blood Pressure (normal=120/80) Undesirable levels of blood cholesterol – Normal = below 200 Cigarette smoking Diabetes related risks Obesity Underlying Cardiovascular diseases Use of birth control pills

Uncontrollable Risk Factors Family History Age Gender Race Previous history of TIA or Stroke

Treatment for stroke Needs to be taken care of immediately within 3 hours of onset of symptoms Doctors will administer clot busting drugs to dissolve the clot and return blood flow to the brain. By doing this, it will minimize the long term damage to the brain tissue

Common Long term effects of Stroke Physical effects – Paralysis – Swallowing difficulty – Speech difficulty Aphasia Slurred speech

What would a person’s life look like? Paralysis= wheel chair, cane, dependency on others Difficulty swallowing = thickened fluids or feeding tube. Memory loss= frustration Aphasia= can’t communicate your thoughts

Prevention Control blood pressure Lower your cholesterol and saturated fat intake B Vitamins will keep the blood vessels healthy Don’t smoke Control diabetes Maintain healthy weight Exercise regularly Manage stress Avoid alcohol and illicit drugs( ex cocaine)

Type 2 Diabetes Definition: It is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose) Develops when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or when the pancreas produces not enough insulin for a body’s need.

More than 18 million people have diabetes. Increase rate of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents % have type 2 diabetes. Statistics

Signs and Symptoms Excessive thirst Excessive urination Excessive hunger Weight loss or gain Blurred vision Slow healing sores and frequent infections

Controllable Risk Factors Weight Inactivity

Uncontrollable Risks Age Race Heredity or Family History

Treatment Monitoring blood Sugar Diet Exercise Medication – Pills (hypoglycemics) – Injections(insulin)

Insulin delivery systems

Long Term Effects Nerve Damage= damage to tissues Kidney Damage= kidney failure/ dialysis Eye damage= blindness Cardiovascular Disease= weakness of the heart Infections= possible amputation

Prevention Healthy weight Exercise