Reform Movements in America

Public Education Before 1860, only two states made school mandatory Before 1860, only two states made school mandatory Few children went to school beyond the age of 10 Few children went to school beyond the age of 10 In the 1830’s Americans begin to demand tax- supported public schools In the 1830’s Americans begin to demand tax- supported public schools Horace Mann, an educator of Massachusetts, helped establish teacher training programs and also doubled the money that his state spent on schools Horace Mann, an educator of Massachusetts, helped establish teacher training programs and also doubled the money that his state spent on schools Public schools in the South and the West took longer to be established Public schools in the South and the West took longer to be established

Abolition Movement Abolition— movement to end slavery Abolition— movement to end slavery led by preachers who believed slavery was a “national sin” led by preachers who believed slavery was a “national sin” 1820s, over 100 antislavery societies call for resettlement in Africa 1820s, over 100 antislavery societies call for resettlement in Africa William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist Publishes The Liberator, demands immediate emancipation- the freeing of slaves, with no payment to slave holders Publishes The Liberator, demands immediate emancipation- the freeing of slaves, with no payment to slave holders

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolition Movement Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out on slavery Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out on slavery Begins his own antislavery newspaper, The North Star Begins his own antislavery newspaper, The North Star Sarah and Angela Grimke Sarah and Angela Grimke These women spoke out against slavery and gender inequality These women spoke out against slavery and gender inequality Ran school for women Ran school for women

Temperance Movement Temperance Movement- movement led by churches to prohibit the drinking of alcohol Temperance Movement- movement led by churches to prohibit the drinking of alcohol By 1833, over 6,000 temperance societies were established throughout the U.S By 1833, over 6,000 temperance societies were established throughout the U.S This movement would eventually cause the U.S to pass the 18th Amendment in 1917 This movement would eventually cause the U.S to pass the 18th Amendment in 1917

You Decide

Women and Reform Cult of Domesticity- idea that housework and childcare were the only proper activities for married women Cult of Domesticity- idea that housework and childcare were the only proper activities for married women Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott call women’s rights convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott call women’s rights convention 1848 Seneca Falls Convention (first women’s rights convention)- approves declaration of women’s rights 1848 Seneca Falls Convention (first women’s rights convention)- approves declaration of women’s rights The declaration of women’s right was passed unanimously, except for 1 issue The declaration of women’s right was passed unanimously, except for 1 issue The resolution given the women the right to vote was only narrowly passed The resolution given the women the right to vote was only narrowly passed

Andrew Jackson Expanding Suffrage: Expanding Suffrage: During Adams presidency ( ) most states eased the voting requirements During Adams presidency ( ) most states eased the voting requirements fewer states had property qualifications for voting fewer states had property qualifications for voting the voting population was enlarged the voting population was enlarged Andrew Jackson wins election (1828), has support of common people Andrew Jackson wins election (1828), has support of common people

Jacksonian Style Jacksonian democracy—ideal of political power for all classes Jacksonian democracy—ideal of political power for all classes Spoils system- political supporters of the president get jobs based on political loyalty, campaign donations and support during election years Spoils system- political supporters of the president get jobs based on political loyalty, campaign donations and support during election years