Stages of Child Development Goal 5: Examine the developmental stages of children to appropriately support and monitor growth.
Physical Development
Stage 1: Infancy Ages 0-12 months (1year)
dependant on others inborn abilities to interact blurred vision for several months
reflexes suck grasp
eye hand coordination large motor skills roll over sit up crawl stand
Stage 2: toddlerhood ages: 1 year to 3 years
walk (15months) run climb walk up/down stairs (2years)
small motor skills take things apart and put them together feed self dress self
Stage 3: preschool years Ages: 3 years- 5years
large motor skills hop run stride ride tricycle
more refined small motor skills use scissors draw recognizable objects write name
Stage 4: school age children ages: 6 years-12 years
rate of growth slows down baby teeth replaced by permanent teeth ride a bike
participate in games (running, jumping, throwing)
more refined small motor skills write more draw more precisely
Stage 5: Adolescence Ages: 13 years-18 years
puberty hormones shape of the body changes
acne squeaky voice become a man or woman
Stage 6: Early Adulthood Ages:19 years-39 years
at peak finished growing potential to reach a high level of fitness do not require as much physical activity need to make an effort to be active
Stage 7: Middle Adulthood Ages: 40 years- mid 60 years
need to stay fit and active need to eat a healthy diet gray hair eye issues can develop
Stage 8: Late Adulthood Ages late 60’s-?
slow down joints less flexible muscles weaken some hearing loss some sight loss
Intellectual Development
Stage 1: Infancy Ages 0-12 months (1year)
follow movement of objects and people with their eyes turn head toward sound communicate vocally cry to express anger, hunger, and discomfort
babble and coo (3months) imitate others wave peek-a-boo respond to simple request (touch your nose)
Stage 2: toddlerhood ages: 1 year to 3 years
language skills grow (simple words to short phrases to complete sentences) express needs, thoughts, and ideas understand cause and effect concept size/space (small objects go on top of large objects0
object permanence (an object exists even if it is out of sight) point to familiar objects in books
Stage 3: preschool years Ages: 3 years- 5years
learn to count identify colors recognize letters vocabulary grows express complex ideas (how/why) like pretending
Stage 4: school age children ages: 6 years-12 years
curious about the world ask why acquire reasoning skills want to know why/how things happen
build on skills to learn more complex skills learn to use symbols (letters and numbers) learn to read and do math
Stage 5: Adolescence Ages: 13 years-18 years
can imagine the consequences of actions and can think of alternatives ability to reflect on the results of decisions learn from mistakes
can reason or think in abstract terms test new ideas form their own judgment think things through
Stage 6: Early Adulthood Ages:19 years-39 years
mental stimulation from established career working toward career goals learning is a lifelong process
Stage 7: Middle Adulthood Ages: 40 years- mid 60 years
look for intellectual stimulation in a different field of work pursues new challenges keep the mind active
Stage 8: Late Adulthood Ages late 60’s-?
mental abilities decline take longer to learn tasks short term memory loss
Emotional Development
Stage 1: Infancy Ages 0-12 months (1year)
learn trust through parents meeting their needs needs- food, safety, cleanliness, and closeness need security to learn and thrive
Stage 2: toddlerhood ages: 1 year to 3 years
capable individual start to separate from parents or others self-esteem can grow if properly encouraged strong emotions mood changes quickly
Stage 3: preschool years Ages: 3 years- 5years
not so much frustration because child now has the ability to express emotions less self-centered show empathy
feel fear, anxiety, joy, pride can not distinguish between fantasy and reality
Stage 4: school age children ages: 6 years-12 years
outgrow preschool fears experience stress caused by academic pressure or events at home high self-esteem and more supportive family allows child to handle stress more effectively
Stage 5: Adolescence Ages: 13 years-18 years
hormones effect emotions mood swings are common experience stress sexual awareness
Stage 6: Early Adulthood Ages:19 years-39 years
determine who they are determine what they want
Stage 7: Middle Adulthood Ages: 40 years- mid 60 years
keep mind active to maintain mental fitness
Stage 8: Late Adulthood Ages late 60’s-?
deal with death of family and friends
Social Development
Stage 1: Infancy Ages 0-12 months (1year)
smile (3months) recognize faces and voices (7months) respond to name
developed fear of unknown people solitary play
Stage 2: toddlerhood ages: 1 year to 3 years
parallel play struggle to assert independence frustration tempertantrums
Stage 3: preschool years Ages: 3 years- 5years
cooperative play learn to take turns, share, and solve problems together choose a best friend (4- 5years)
Stage 4: school age children ages: 6 years-12 years
more social opportunities outside the home form peer groups that learn to negotiate and compromise
develop skills that society values showing and considering feelings of others
Stage 5: Adolescence Ages: 13 years-18 years
spend more time with peers than family look to parents for advice friendships become more deeper and stable
romantic feeling develop spend more time in groups
Stage 6: Early Adulthood Ages:19 years-39 years
start building long term relationships gain financial independence explore new interests
spend time with a variety of people many raise a family
Stage 7: Middle Adulthood Ages: 40 years- mid 60 years
balance work, family, and social commitments enjoy family and career more involvement in the community
Stage 8: Late Adulthood Ages late 60’s-?
deal of death of families and friends
Moral Development
Stage 2: toddlerhood ages: 1 year to 3 years
develop sense of right and wrong on a basic level
Stage 3: preschool years Ages: 3 years- 5years
rigid sense of right and wrong understand basic moral concepts (fairness and justice)
Stage 4: school age children ages: 6 years-12 years
understand rules are flexible and can be changed care what others think want to be thought of as good conscience takes on a stronger role
Stage 5: Adolescence Ages: 13 years-18 years
know the difference between right and wrong but don’t always act accordingly want to fit in
peer pressure need to examine beliefs and traditions develop a strong value system
Stage 6: Early Adulthood Ages:19 years-39 years
continue to develop a strong value system