Stages of Development The First Year

Each Child is Unique Rates of growth in first year may vary Rates of growth in first year may vary Birth length increases by 1 ½ times Birth length increases by 1 ½ times Birth weight triples Birth weight triples Milestones are celebrated by parents and used by childcare workers Milestones are celebrated by parents and used by childcare workers Development is an orderly process Development is an orderly process Follows the same sequence for all children Follows the same sequence for all children Failure to thrive – term doctors use when growth slows considerably Failure to thrive – term doctors use when growth slows considerably

Developmental Sequence Head to foot (Cephalo-caudal) Control hands before feet Control hands before feet Gets teeth before he walks Gets teeth before he walks Center to Extremities (Proximal distal) Moves whole body, then arms, then hands & feet Moves whole body, then arms, then hands & feet Simple to complex Lifts head, sits up, crawl, creep, walk, run Lifts head, sits up, crawl, creep, walk, run

Four Areas of Development Gross motor skills – use of large mus cles Gross motor skills – use of large mus cles Fine motor skills – use of small muscles Fine motor skills – use of small muscles Cognitive development – mental processes through which we think, Cognitive development – mental processes through which we think, learn, and communicate learn, and communicate Intellectual development Physical development Emotional development  involves understanding and responding to our surroundings Understanding others and learning how to interact Social development

What does the First Year look like? First Month First Month Turns head to clear nose for breathing Turns head to clear nose for breathing Keeps hands fisted or slightly open Keeps hands fisted or slightly open Few expressions when awake Few expressions when awake

Second month Holds head up while on tummy Holds head up while on tummy Holds objects with hand (reflexive) Holds objects with hand (reflexive) Smiles and coos Smiles and coos

Third month Third month Lifts chest with arm support Lifts chest with arm support Can be propped to sit up Can be propped to sit up Turns head to sounds Turns head to sounds Eye muscles develop for focusing Eye muscles develop for focusing

Fourth month Reaches for objects Reaches for objects Rolls from side to side or to back Rolls from side to side or to back Babbles and laughs Babbles and laughs Clasps fingers and hands in play Clasps fingers and hands in play

Fifth month Rolls from front to back Rolls from front to back May sit supported May sit supported Understands own name Understands own name Can grasp an object that is handed to her Can grasp an object that is handed to her

Sixth month Sixth month Transfer toy from one hand to next Transfer toy from one hand to next Crawls – (army crawl) on tummy Crawls – (army crawl) on tummy Sits with little support Sits with little support Should be eating solids by now Should be eating solids by now

Seventh month Pushes up on hands and knees Pushes up on hands and knees Sits alone Sits alone True eye color is established True eye color is established Puts feet in mouth Puts feet in mouth Plays “Pat-a-Cake” Plays “Pat-a-Cake”

Eighth month Creeps with tummy off the floor using knees Creeps with tummy off the floor using knees Stands leaning against something Stands leaning against something Mimics sounds Mimics sounds Waves “bye-bye” Waves “bye-bye” Understands “no” Understands “no”

Ninth month Ninth month May crawl up stairs May crawl up stairs Feeds self (pincer grasp) Feeds self (pincer grasp) May understand and respond to some words May understand and respond to some words May pull self up to stand May pull self up to stand Says “mama”, “dada” Says “mama”, “dada”

Tenth month Stands w/ little support Stands w/ little support May begin “cruising” May begin “cruising” Repeats some words Repeats some words Object permanence “hide and seek” Object permanence “hide and seek”

Eleventh month Stands alone – squats and stoops Stands alone – squats and stoops Mimics some words Mimics some words May walk when led May walk when led Dances or bounces to music Dances or bounces to music

Twelfth month Walks unsteadily Walks unsteadily Points with finger Points with finger Focuses on distant objects Focuses on distant objects Says a few real words Says a few real words

Review Body Proportions Body Proportions Infants have a large head, long trunk and extended abdomen Infants have a large head, long trunk and extended abdomen Poor balance due to center of gravity (head) Poor balance due to center of gravity (head) By one year the body grows larger in proportion to the head By one year the body grows larger in proportion to the head Rate of Development Affected by heredity, environment, nutrition, illness, activity Affected by heredity, environment, nutrition, illness, activity