Texas 1837: Texas asks to be annexed by the U.S. President Jackson refused because Texas was a slave state 1845: President Polk approved the annexation of Texas (28th state) Angry Mexico considered Texas a “stolen province” Why did Mexico feel this way?

War with Mexico After the annexation of Texas, Mexico cut off all ties with the U.S. Ordered Americans out of California Disputed border between Texas and Mexico What did this mean for Mexico? How do you think the people who lived in Texas felt? What does annexation mean? What does disputed mean?

Mexico felt threatened by the American concept of Manifest Destiny. More and more Americans were heading to California and other parts of Northern Mexico.

War with Mexico Pres. Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and troops to the Rio Grande Mexican soldiers attacked Congress declared war in 1846

California declares their independence as the Bear Flag Republic

Mexican Expectation Mexico expected to win battle/war and to get Texas back. Mexico had 4 times the amount of troops and were well trained and battle tested. Santa Anna was brought back from exile in Cuba Promised Polk he would work on a truce

War with Mexico Why did the U.S. go to war with Mexico? Do you think the war was just about control over Texas?

Winfield Scott He will also be the first General of the North at the start of the Civil War.

War with Mexico U.S. troops took over New Mexico and California US troops led by Winfield Scott pushed Mexican troops back and captured Mexico City 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War.

Victory Major fighting ended September 14, 1847 116,000 US troops served 13,000 died (mostly from disease) War cost US $98 million Mexico lost countless lives and much property was destroyed.

Texans in the Mexican War 6,000 Texans volunteered Texas ready to fight Santa Anna again! “There is at last…an opportunity to pay off a little of the debt of vengeance which has been accumulating since the Alamo…..every man will think of his countrymen martyred at the Alamo, Goliad and at Mier.” --Charles DeMorse

Famous soldiers Texas: Mexico Governor Pickney Henderson Mirabeau Lamar Texas Rangers Mexico Juan Seguin

The Texas Rangers

The Texas Rangers Formed on November 24, 1835. A defense force that tried to keep the peace on the frontier and protect the Texas settlers. The Texas government paid the Rangers $25 a month, provide them with land and supply them with ammunition. Many Rangers served out of dedication and civic duty.

Duties and Abilities To guard the frontier Mounted so could cover land as quickly as Indians Used Colt six-shooters (could fire 6 shots without reloading)

Effects on Texas Enabled settlers to move westward Led to increased conflicts between American Indians and settlers

Texas Rangers in the War Mexicans called them los diablos de Tejanos. Translation: Texas Devils

Used the Colt Revolvers Served as scouts and fought in battles They were the first used to scout the most practical route for the army to use on march to Monterrey. Gained world wide fame.

Jack Coffee Hays 1817-1883 One of the most famous of the Texas Rangers Early user of the colt revolver Led the Rangers on a campaign against the Comanche and other hostile tribes, and succeeded in weakening their power.

Commanded the force against the invasion from Mexico of 1842 and in the Mexican-American War where the Rangers excelled and gained a nationwide fame. selected to lead an expedition to blaze a route from San Antonio to El Paso Moved to California and one of the founders of Oakland, CA Hays county named for him as is Hays High School

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85K8bT8089s

Weird but interesting Santa Anna lost his left leg in the French Pastry War in 1838 His leg was given a full state funeral and buried in Mexico City. He began using a prosthetic leg

Illinois volunteers captured the leg during Mexican American War. The US wanted to trade the leg for New Orleans Grey flag captured by Santa Anna during the Battle of the Alamo. The flag flew in Mexico City. Mexico refused.

It is now on display at Camp Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois

Mexicans were so outraged by Santa Anna’s agreement to the Gadsden Purchase they dug up his leg and paraded it through town and finally set it on fire.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico: Recognized the annexation of Texas Recognized the Rio Grande as the Texas-Mexico border Agreed to “give” the Mexican Cession to the US

US Agree to cover the $3.25 million in American claims Agreed to pay Mexico $15 million for the Mexican Cession

What territories were included in the Mexican Cession? Present-day states of California Nevada Utah Portions of the present-day states of Arizona Colorado New Mexico Wyoming

What was the effect of the Mexican Cession for the U.S.? For Mexico? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_Cession.png What was the effect of the Mexican Cession for the U.S.? For Mexico?

War with Mexico Some Americans wanted all of Mexico Polk pointed out the benefits of a treaty with Mexico 1853: Gadsden Purchase was made, adding southern Arizona and New Mexico to the U.S. for $10 million