NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1300 GARDINER 14-2 PP. 379-386

INTERMEDIATE AREA Between the highly developed civilizations of Mesoamerica and the south American Andes is a region archeologists have dubbed the “Intermediate Area” Parts of El Salvador, Hionduras, Ecuador, Venezuela, and all of Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Columbia Made up of many small rival chiefdoms Did not produce monumental architecture

Pendant in the form of a bat- faced man, Tairona, from northeastern Columbia, after 1000 CE, gold, 5 ¼ “ high The peoples of the Intermediate Area between Mesoamerica and Andean South America were expert goldsmiths This pendant depicting a bat- faced man with a large headdress served as an amulet

CHAVIN The indigenous cultures of Andean South America are older and in some ways surpassed their northern counterparts Mastered metalworking earlier Monumental architecture predates the earliest Mesoamerican culture of the Olmecs Mummified the dead 500 years before the Egyptians The Central Andean region is comprised of three zones Coastal desert Andes peaks Eastern slope jungles One of the earliest Central Andean cultures was the Chavin culture (800- 200 BCE)

CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – PLAN FLASHCARD #153-1 Chavin de Huantar is a religious capital The plan is composed of an Old Temple which is U shaped and a New Temple next to it which fronts a sunken courtyard The old temple contains a labyrinth of narrow passages, stairways and small chembers

CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – LANZON STELA FLASHCARD #153-2 Located inside the Old Temple of Chavin At the center, underground is the 15 feet tall Lanzon (Spanish for “blade”) stone Depicts powerful composite creature -> claws, fangs, face of a jaguar, hair of snakes Flat relief, curvilinear pattern Center of pilgrimage but access to the immense oracular cult image was restricted

CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – RELIEF SCULPTURE FLASHCARD #153-3 Located on the ruins of at stairway at Chavin Shows jaguars in low relief

CHAVIN DE HUANTAR – NOSE ORNAMENT FLASHCARD #153-3 Worn by males and females under the nose Held in place by semi-circular section at top Two snake heads at either end Makes the wearer into a supernatural being during ceremonies

PARACAS Detail of an embroidered funerary mantle, Paracas, from the southern coast of Peru, first century CE The Paracas culture occupied a coastal area of Peru between 400 BCE – 200 CE This is a close-up of a woven mantle used to wrap bodies of the dead The flying or floating figure repeated endlessly on the mantle is probably either the deceased or a religious practitioner

NASCA Bridge-spouted vessel with flying figures, Nasca, from Nasca River Valley, Peru, painted ceramic, 5” The Nasco overlapped with the Paracas culture and existed to their south The Nasca were masters of pottery painting -> the painter of this bridge-spouted vessel depicted two crowned and bejeweled flying figures, probably ritual impersonators w/trophy heads

NASCA LINES Hummingbird, Nasco, Nasca plain, Peru, ca. 500 CE. Dark layer of pebbles scraped aside to reveal lighter clay and calcite beneath Earth drawings known as Nasca Lines represent birds, fish, planes, and geometric forms The hummingbird is several hundred feet long and cannot be perceived from the ground Laid out using simple stone and string methods Some lead in traceable directions across the desert, or link shrines like knots in a rope, or locate water supplies -> the lines represent a map of the material and spiritual concerns of the Nasca

MOCHE