NEUROMUSCULAR AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION D. C. Mikulecky Professor of Physiology

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Topic Nerves.
Advertisements

Chapter 12, part 3 Neural tissue.
SYNAPSES AND NEURONAL INTEGRATION
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
The Electrical Nature of Nerves
Neurophysiology. The Resting Membrane Potential Intracellular (soma) Extracellular VV -70 mV.
Synaptic Transmission
Transmission across synapses a. Depolarization of presynaptic cell b. Increase in inward gCa ++ via voltage gated Ca ++ channels c. Vesicle migration.
Synapses Figure
Effects of Excitatory and Inhibitory Potentials on Action Potentials Amelia Lindgren.
Inhibitory and Excitatory Signals
BIOELECTRICITY AND EXCITABLE TISSUE THE ORIGIN OF BIOELECTRICITY AND HOW NERVES WORK D. C. Mikulecky Department of Physiology and Faculty Mentoring Program.
Chapter 5 Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic Signaling & The Action Potential
PHYSIOLOGY 1 LECTURE 14 SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION. n Objectives: The student should know –1. The types of synapses, electrical and chemical –2. The structure.
University of Jordan1 Physiology of Synapses in the CNS- L2-L4 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD.
SYNAPSES D. C. Mikulecky Professor of Physiology
Nervous System: Part III What Happens at a Synapse?
Wei yuanyuan Nervous system I. Nervous system Organization : over 100 billion neuron Central nervous system Brain + spinal cord Peripheral nervous system.
Announcements Mid term room assignments posted to webpage A – HoS361 (Pavilion) Hoang – LischkaS309 Lishingham - NguiS143 Nguyen – SeguinS128 Sek – ZiaH305.
Functional Human Physiology for the Exercise and Sport Sciences Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration Jennifer L. Doherty, MS, ATC Department of.
The Nervous System Neuron –Cell body; Dendrites; Axon Three general groups of neurons –Sensory neurons (afferent or receptor) Receive the initial stimulus.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Synapse A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron: To another neuron, or To an effector.
Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections
Synaptic Transmission Classical –Mediated by Neurotransmitter Gated Ion Channel aka ionotropic receptors Neuromodulatory –Mediated by Metabotropic Receptors.
Neuron Synapses I.Anatomy of the Synapse II.Chemical Synapse III.EPSP & IPSP IV.Neurotransmitters.
Action Potential: Resting State Leakage accounts for small movements of Na + and K + Each Na + channel has two voltage-regulated gates.
Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties
Neurons & Nervous Systems. nervous systems connect distant parts of organisms; vary in complexity Figure 44.1.
Read page on drugs and the brain What 3 major concepts should we study to understand this article further?
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Ch 48 – Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling Neurons transfer information.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Action potential travels along an axon Information passes from presynaptic neuron.
Dopamine (DA) neuron Cell body (Soma) terminals axons Dendrites.
Electrical signals Sodium ions Potassium ions Generate an action potential at the axon hillock Travels down the axon to the terminal – regenerating the.
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Nervous Systems Part 3 RA # 4.3. What is a synapse?  Gaps between neurons or between neurons and effectors.
Neurophysiology II: The Synapse Synapse Defined Space between adjacent neurons! Relays information from one neuron to another! Neuron  Neuron Neuron.
AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 3.  I. Synapses – These are the gaps between neurons or between neuron and effector cells.  A. There are two types of.
Electrochemical Impulses
University of Jordan1 Physiology of Synapses in the CNS- L4 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD.
11-3.
Afferent Nerves Efferent Nerves cell body: cell body: central part of cell; contains the nucleus axon: axon: long slender extension from cell body; used.
Synaptic transmission
NERVE CELLS by Grace Minter.
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Human Anatomy / Physiology
Chapter 37: Neurons, Synapses and Signaling FIGURE 37.1: CONE SNAIL!
Chapter Neural tissue.
Neurons, Synapses and Signaling
NOTES - UNIT 5 part 2: Action Potential: Conducting an Impulse
What is the neural basis of behavior?
AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 3.
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Communication Within the Nervous System
At resting potential Most voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed, but some K+ channels (not voltage-gated) are open.
Interneuronal connections
Cell Communication: Neuron.
Effects of Excitatory and Inhibitory Potentials on Action Potentials
A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron:
Synapses, properties & Transmission
Learning objectives of Today’s Lecture
The cone snail is a deadly predator. Why?
Neural Signaling: Postsynaptic Potentials
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Neuromuscular Junction
Neurotransmission Across a Synapse
Functional Anatomy Excitatory Synapses Inhibitory Synapses
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Synaptic Transmission and Integration
Cell to cell communication in the nervous system
Presentation transcript:

NEUROMUSCULAR AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION D. C. Mikulecky Professor of Physiology

TWO TYPES OF SYNAPSE ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL

ELECTRICAL GAP JUNCTION: PROVIDES PATH FOR IONS TO FLOW FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER CELL 1 CELL 2

TYPES OF CHEMICAL SYNAPSES DISCRETE DIFFUSE

DISCRETE SYNAPSES

DIFFUSE SYNAPSES

CHEMICAL: THE SYNAPSE INCOMING NERVE POST SYNAPTIC NERVE SPACE

EVENTS IN CELLULAR COMMUNICATION INPUT SIGNAL (CHEMICAL,MECHANICAL, PHOTO, ELECTRICAL) RESPONSE (OUTPUT) SECRETION CONTRACTION/RELAXATION DIVISION PHAGOCYTOSIS RECEPTOR TRANSDUCER EFFECTOR ENZYMES,GENOME,CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS, SECRETORY GRANULES

HOW ARE WE WIRED?CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NERVE CELLS CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON HILLOCK AXON TERMINALS

THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION BETWEEN NERVES PRESYNAPTIC EVENTS POSTSYNAPTIC EVENTS IN THE SPACE

PRESYNAPTIC EVENTS THE ALL OR NONE ACTION POTENTIAL TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF CHEMICAL TRANSMITTER

INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL DEPOLARIZES TRIGGERS CALCIUM CHANNELS CALCIUM ENTERS THE CELL

THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

THE SYNAPSE: INCOMING ACTION POTENTAL SYNAPTIC VESSICLES INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

CALCIUM INFLUX CAUSES VESSICLES TO BE RELEASED VESSICLES MIGRATE TO MEMBRANE EXOCYTOSIS NEUROTRANSMITTER ENTERS SPACE

THE SYNAPSE: CALCIUM CHANNELS OPEN SYNAPTIC VESSICLES INCOMING ACTION POTENTIAL CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

THE SYNAPSE: NEUROTRANSMITTER ENTERS SPACE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

POST SYNAPTIC EVENTS IONOTROPIC (LIGAND GATED) CHANNELS VOLTAGE GATED CHANNELS ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

IONOTROPIC CHANNELS BIND NEUROTRANSMITTER OPEN CHANNEL HYPER OR DE-POLARIZATION

THE SYNAPSE:NEUROTRANSMITTER BINDS TO POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTOR SYNAPTIC VESSICLES CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

HOW ARE WE WIRED?CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NERVE CELLS CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON HILLOCK AXON TERMINALS

POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS RESTING POTENTIAL IPSP EPSP TIME

SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD

SPATIAL SUMMATION TIME SIMULTANEOUS INPUT FROM TWO SYNAPSES: ABOVE THRESHOLD

TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME TOO FAR APART IN TIME: NO SUMMATION

TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME CLOSER IN TIME: SUMMATION BUT BELOW THRESHOLD THRESHOLD

THE GOLDMAN-HODGKIN-KATZ (GHK) EQUATION [Ko] +  [Nao] Vm = 60 LOG [Ki] +  [Nai]  IS THE RATIO OF SODIUM TO POTASSIUM PERMEABILITY

TEMPORAL SUMMATION TIME STILL CLOSER IN TIME: ABOVE THRESHOLD

EPSP-IPSP CANCELLATION

HOW EXCITATION OCCURS-THE ROLE OF DEPOLARIZATION AND HYPERPOLARIZATION SUMMATION CAN DEPOLARIZE THE CELL BEYOND THRESHOLD HYPERPOLARIZATION BLOCKS

NEURO TRANSMITTERS ACETYL CHOLINE DOPAMINE NOREPINEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE SEROTONIN HISTAMINE GLYCINE GLUTAMINE GAMMA- AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

IN THE SPACE ENZYME “CHEWS UP” LIGAND MASS ACTION CAUSES LIGAND TO DISSOCIATE FROM RECEPTOR

THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME

THE SYNAPSE SYNAPTIC VESSICLES CALCIUM CHANNEL ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR ENZYME