PROPHASE TELPHASE METAPHASEANAPHASE OVERVIEW Links Glossary Part 2 Glossary Part 1

 Mitosis is  Process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into four stages: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase BACK

 Chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled  Nucleoli disappear  All duplicated chromosomes appear as sister chromatids  The mitotic spindle beings formingmitotic spindle  Centrosomes move away from each other Centrosomes  Nuclear envelope fragments  Each chromosome has a kinetochorekinetochore  Microtubules attach to the kinetochore, becoming “kinetochore microtubules”kinetochore microtubules BACK PICTURES

 Centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell  Chromosomes have arrived at the metaphase platemetaphase plate  The kinetochores of sister chromatids are attached to kinetochore microtubules coming from the opposite ends BACK PICTURES

 Shortest stage of mitosis  Two liberated daughter chromosomes move towards opposite ends of the cell as their kinetochore microtubules shorten  Cell elongates  Two ends of the cell have complete collections of chromosomes BACK PICTURES

 Two nuclei form in the cell  Nucleoli disappear  Chromosomes become less coiled  Any remaining spindle microtubules are depolymerizeddepolymerized  Mitosis is now complete BACK PICTURES

Meiotic spindle – composed of centrosomes and the microtubules that extend from them Centrosomes – in cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center Kinetochore – structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the meiotic spindle Kinetochore microtubules - Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.

 Metaphase plate – in the center of the spindles two poles where the chromosomes arthromeres are  Depolymerize – Making spindle microtubule smaller

  Images/Cell_Structures/Anaphase- Early_cIvyRose.jpg Images/Cell_Structures/Anaphase- Early_cIvyRose.jpg