Part of the Cell

Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells are the smallest living things Cells come from other cells

Does Size Really Matter Yes Surface area to volume ratio

Microscopes Resolution: the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate items Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope

What do all cells have? Centrally located genetic material Cytoplasm Plasma membrane

Prokaryotic Cells

Peptido…who? Gram Positive Vs Gram Negative Archeabacteria lack peptidoglycan

Dynein Walking

Think Back…. What are some examples of evidence that state that Eukaryotes may be more closely related to archaebacteria than prokaryotes?

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

LE 6-14a Phagocytosis: lysosome digesting food 1 µm Plasma membrane Food vacuole Lysosome Nucleus Digestive enzymes Digestion Lysosome Lysosome contains active hydrolytic enzymes Food vacuole fuses with lysosome Hydrolytic enzymes digest food particles

Microbodies Enzyme bearing membrane enclosed vesicles –Peroxisomes- catalyze the removal of electrons associated with hydrogen atoms –Glyoxysomes- in plants convert fats in to carbohydrates

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Involves in energy metabolism Both contain their own DNA and protein synthesis machinery…what does this say>? Both surrounded by a double membrane Arrived in the cells by endosymbiosis

Mitochondria Metabolize sugar to generate ATP Crista

Chloroplasts Use light to generate ATP

Fibers of The Cytoskeleton MIcrofilaments- 2 protein chains loosely twined Microtubules- largest- hollow tubes Intermediate filaments

What is the function of the cytoskeleton fibers? Modulate cell shape Permit cell movement Move materials within the cytoplasm –Kineson moves towards the outside of the cell –Dynein moves towards the inside of the cell

Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement Actin fillaments allow some cells to crawl., forward movement achieved by myosin Cilia and Flagella- 9+2 structure (fundamental component of eukaryotic cells)

Cell Wall Provide Protection and Support Found in plants, fungi and protists –Plants and protists made of cellulose –Fungi made of chitin Primary walls, midddle lamella, some have secondary walls

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Animals lack cell walls so they have ECM to protect them –Glycoproteins –Collagen –Elastin –Fibronectin Integrins