HOW TO AVOID A GEAR-UP LANDING Presented By Larry Enlow Aviation Safety Inspector Federal Aviation Administration Orlando Flight Standards District Office

ORLANDO FSDO-15 ACCIDENT & INCIDENT SUMMARY TOTAL ACC. & INC TOTAL GEAR-UP TOTAL TRAINING A & I TRAINING GEAR-UP TNG. GEAR-UP WITH CFI

WHY DO GEAR-UPS OCCUR ? SUPERFICIAL CAUSE: DISTRACTION OR NO CHECKLIST REAL CAUSE: INADEQUATE FLIGHT TRAINING IN RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS

DEFICIENCY IN FLIGHT TRAINING CAN BE RESOLVED BY MODIFYING THE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS USED DURING INITIAL AND RECURRENT RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING OPERATIONS

THIS PRESENTATION IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN EXTRAORDINARILY VALUABLE SET OF RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES THAT WILL PREVENT A GEAR-UP LANDING

RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS PRIORITIZATION AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONAL TASKS AND ASSOCIATED CHECKLIST ITEMS DON’T ALL HAVE THE SAME VALUE RETRACTABLE GEAR OPERATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY, AND MUST BE EMPHASIZED BY CFI

RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR TRAINING CONCEPTS POSITIONAL IMPRINTING IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO IMPLANT FIRMLY ON THE MIND OR FIX IN THE MEMORY” POSITIONAL IMPRINTING MEANS: “TO FIX IN THE MEMORY THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POINTS IN SPACE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND THE NEED TO EXTEND OR RECHECK THE LANDING GEAR IN THE DOWN POSITION

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN

ABEAM THE TOUCH-DOWN POINT

FIXED DISTANCE MARKERS

GEAR SELECTED DOWN

GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK

SECOND GEAR CHECK ON BASE

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POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

FINAL GEAR CHECK

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POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED TYPICAL TRAFFIC PATTERN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN:GEAR DOWN ABEAM TOUCH-DOWN: GEAR DOWN BASE: 2ND GEAR CHECK SHORT FINAL: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN

GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPT

GEAR SELECTED DOWN

GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK

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POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

FINAL GEAR CHECK

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POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SLIDE-SLOPE INTERCEPT: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE DH: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK

FINAL GEAR CHECK

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POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH FINAL APPROACH FIX: GEAR DOWN 500’ ABOVE MDA: 2ND GEAR CHECK RUNWAY IN SIGHT: FINAL GEAR CHECK “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS”

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS VISUAL APPROACHES BASE ENTRIES STRAIGHT-IN ARRIVALS “WHEN YOU START DOWN, PUT YOUR GEAR DOWN”

POSITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ACTIONS TO BE IMPRINTED NON-STANDARD ARRIVALS “ALWAYS HAVE AT LEAST THREE GEAR CHECKS” MOSTIMPORTANT OF ALL: MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL: FINAL GEAR CHECK

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SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP

GEAR SELECTED UP

SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN

GEAR SELECTED DOWN

GEAR IN TRANSIT

GEAR CONFIRMED DOWN

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SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES WHEN RETRACTING GEAR AFTER TAKEOFF, CONFIRM THAT IT GOES UP WHEN EXTENDING GEAR, PRIORITIZE TASK AND CONFIRM GEAR IS DOWN AFTER LANDING, CLEAR RUNWAY, STOP AIRCRAFT, THEN IDENTIFY AND VERIFY EACH ITEM BEFORE MOVING IT

SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF RETRACTABLE GEAR SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL TO AVOID A GEAR-UP HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES SYSTEM OPERATE ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW DOES WARNING SYSTEM WORK ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ? HOW IS SYSTEM PROTECTED FROM INADVERTENT OPERATION ON THE GROUND ?

SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO RESOLVE SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO CHANGE INDICATOR BULBS HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR HOW TO MANUALLY EXTEND GEAR PUMP FAILURES PUMP FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES ELECTRICAL FAILURES PARTIAL EXTENSION PARTIAL EXTENSION

GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE WHEN GEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED SAFE TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY TOUCH DOWN SMOOTHLY DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T APPLY BRAKES DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY DON’T TURN OFF RUNWAY STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD STOP STRAIGHT AHEAD EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED EXIT AIRCRAFT & DON’T GET UNDER IT TO SEE IF GEAR IS LOCKED

GEAR UNSAFE LANDINGS WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE WHEN GEAR IS CONFIRMED UNSAFE FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST FOLLOW EMERGENCY CHECKLIST LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS LAND ON PAVEMENT, NOT GRASS TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF FUEL TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH TURN OFF MAGS & MASTER SWITCH UNLATCH CABIN DOOR UNLATCH CABIN DOOR EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY EXIT AIRCRAFT QUICKLY

ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? TOUCH & GO LANDINGS ? IDENTIFY AND VERIFYIDENTIFY AND VERIFY DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN DON’T DO TOUCH & GOES WITH GEAR REMAINING DOWN TRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONSTRAIN FOR NORMAL FLIGHT OPERATIONS RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION RIGHT SEAT TRANSITION CFI BE READYCFI BE READY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY ARE YOU FIT TO FLY FATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESSFATIGUE OR MENTAL DISTRACTIONS CAN CAUSE FORGETFULNESS

SUMMARY APPLY SIGNIFICANT PRIORITY TO RETRACTABLE LANDING GEAR OPERATIONS

SUMMARY DEVELOP AND USE POSITIONAL IMPRINTING APPLY SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNIQUES

SUMMARY EVALUATE ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS MAKE SURE YOU’RE FIT TO FLY

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