 Weight control in sport -- Key to success for many athletes  Problem: Some methods of weight management are harmful to performance and health  Problem: Some methods of weight management can evolve into an eating disorder  Weight control in sport -- Key to success for many athletes  Problem: Some methods of weight management are harmful to performance and health  Problem: Some methods of weight management can evolve into an eating disorder Introduction

 Two Main Types  Bulimia Nervosa  Anorexia Nervosa  Two Main Types  Bulimia Nervosa  Anorexia Nervosa

 Bingeing – Eat Large Amounts of Food – Eating is Out of Control  Bingeing – Eat Large Amounts of Food – Eating is Out of Control  Compensatory Behaviors –Purging via –Self-Induced Vomiting, Enemas –Laxatives, Diuretics, Exercise, Fasting  Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight  Compensatory Behaviors –Purging via –Self-Induced Vomiting, Enemas –Laxatives, Diuretics, Exercise, Fasting  Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight Bulimia

 Intense fear of – Gaining weight – Becoming fat  Intense fear of – Gaining weight – Becoming fat  Refusal to maintain body weight – 15% Below Expected Normal  Distorted body image  Amenorrhea (in females)  Refusal to maintain body weight – 15% Below Expected Normal  Distorted body image  Amenorrhea (in females) Anorexia

 Amenorrhea  Disordered eating  Osteoporosis  Further info at:  Amenorrhea  Disordered eating  Osteoporosis  Further info at: The Triad (in female athletes)

 Where do we draw the line between excessive dieting, pathogenic wt loss methods, and ED’s?  More prevalent in athletes?  Studies from Swoap chapter  General findings:  Higher in athletes  Subclinical  Sport-specific  Where do we draw the line between excessive dieting, pathogenic wt loss methods, and ED’s?  More prevalent in athletes?  Studies from Swoap chapter  General findings:  Higher in athletes  Subclinical  Sport-specific Prevalence of ED’s in sports

 General factors  Social and Cultural Factors  Biological predispositions?  Sport factors  Weight restrictions  Judging criteria  Performance demands  Coach-pressure  Peer-pressure  Win-at-all-costs attitude  General factors  Social and Cultural Factors  Biological predispositions?  Sport factors  Weight restrictions  Judging criteria  Performance demands  Coach-pressure  Peer-pressure  Win-at-all-costs attitude Predisposing factors to ED’s

 Early recognition -- early treatment  Assessment  Standardized tools  Eating Disorders Inventory  Clinical Interview  Behavioral & personality changes  Medical assessment  Eating disorder vs. pathogenic weight-loss techniques?  Early recognition -- early treatment  Assessment  Standardized tools  Eating Disorders Inventory  Clinical Interview  Behavioral & personality changes  Medical assessment  Eating disorder vs. pathogenic weight-loss techniques? Recognition of ED’s in sports

 Referral issues  Individual, Group, Family, Inpatient  Cognitive-behavioral treatments – Education about eating behavior – Scheduled eating – Exposure / Response prevention  Referral issues  Individual, Group, Family, Inpatient  Cognitive-behavioral treatments – Education about eating behavior – Scheduled eating – Exposure / Response prevention

 De-emphasize body weight  Nutritional education  Promote sensitivity to weight issues  Facilitate healthy weight management  De-emphasize body weight  Nutritional education  Promote sensitivity to weight issues  Facilitate healthy weight management