 starter activity Explain how each event helped the Nazis establish control. What’s missing? Reichstag Fire, Feb 1933 Enabling Act, March 1933 Night of the Long Knives, June 1934 Death of Hindenburg, August 1934 The use of terror The use of propaganda Cult of the Fuhrer Persecution of ‘undesirables’ Nuremberg Law, 1935 & Kristallnacht, 1938

Families, education and Children!

How well did the Nazis control the hearts & minds of young people? To explain why millions joined the Hitler Youth – and some didn’t To find out how the Nazis controlled schools & education  Aims

Typical members of the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugend, HJ)

League of German Maidens

Example activities

 Your task Read p and make a note of the reasons why so many young people joined the Hitler Youth movement. Read p and make a note of the reasons why so many young people joined the Hitler Youth movement.

Reasons for the popularity of Hitler Youth Tradition of youth groups in Germany (Volk culture) Tradition of youth groups in Germany (Volk culture) Alternative youth groups closed Alternative youth groups closed From 1936 membership compulsory From 1936 membership compulsory Well organised – different groups for different ages Well organised – different groups for different ages Hitler Youth, League of German Maidens Hitler Youth, League of German Maidens 1939 – 8 million members! 1939 – 8 million members! Baldur von Schirach – Leader of Hitler Youth

Range of activities – games, sports, physical education, parade, camping – all appealed to young people Range of activities – games, sports, physical education, parade, camping – all appealed to young people Children were brainwashed into loyalty to Führer Children were brainwashed into loyalty to Führer Fed anti-Communist & anti-Semitic hatred Fed anti-Communist & anti-Semitic hatred Children believed they were helping the war effort Children believed they were helping the war effort Hitler Youth soldiers played a crucial role in the defence of Berlin, 1945

Not all youths supported the Nazis. Why would these young people have attracted the attention of the Nazi authorities?

 Your task Did everyone support the Hitler Youth? Read p.151 in your text book and note the reasons why the Nazis would have been horrified by the behaviour of some young people. Did everyone support the Hitler Youth? Read p.151 in your text book and note the reasons why the Nazis would have been horrified by the behaviour of some young people.

Opposition from youths Swing clubs – disrespectful to the Führer, e.g. ‘Heil Benny’ greeting Swing clubs – disrespectful to the Führer, e.g. ‘Heil Benny’ greeting Edelweiss Pirates – bullied members of the Hitler Youth Edelweiss Pirates – bullied members of the Hitler Youth Some youths sheltered deserters & escapees Some youths sheltered deserters & escapees White Rose group – distributed Nazi propaganda White Rose group – distributed Nazi propaganda

Not all youths supported the regime – Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans, members of White Rose

 Homework – part I Write your own Hitler Youth diary. Refer to the following things in your account: Write your own Hitler Youth diary. Refer to the following things in your account: Different types of organisations (including the illegal ones) Different types of organisations (including the illegal ones) Typical activities – fun & military Typical activities – fun & military Attitude to the Fuhrer Attitude to the Fuhrer Things you learned about opponents of the regime Things you learned about opponents of the regime How you helped the war effort How you helped the war effort

Plenary Plenary Give 3 examples of typical Nazi activities Give 3 examples of typical Nazi activities List 2 different types of youth organisations List 2 different types of youth organisations List 2 rival youth organisations List 2 rival youth organisations Give 3 reasons why so many young people joined the Hitler Youth Give 3 reasons why so many young people joined the Hitler Youth Do you think all young people actually supported the Nazis? Do you think all young people actually supported the Nazis?

 starter activity What do these images tell us about the role of women under the Nazis?

 Your task Read p and note down the ways in which women were encouraged to help the regime. Read p and note down the ways in which women were encouraged to help the regime. Gertrude Scholtz-Klink, Head of Nazi Women’s Bureau

Role of women Didn’t work – women were encouraged or forced to leave their jobs, e.g. all women doctors sacked Didn’t work – women were encouraged or forced to leave their jobs, e.g. all women doctors sacked Good housewives – used leftovers, prepared ‘Eintopf’ meal Good housewives – used leftovers, prepared ‘Eintopf’ meal Good mothers – healthy, promoted traditional family values, ‘Honour Cross of German Mothers’ Good mothers – healthy, promoted traditional family values, ‘Honour Cross of German Mothers’ Dressed in traditional German clothes Dressed in traditional German clothes Brought up children to worship Führer & join Hitler Youth Brought up children to worship Führer & join Hitler Youth

What would children in Nazi schools have been taught?

 Your task Read p and create a spider diagram noting down the changes the Nazis introduced to schools. Include these headings: Read p and create a spider diagram noting down the changes the Nazis introduced to schools. Include these headings: Teachers Teachers Types of schools Types of schools Education for Jews Education for Jews Education for girls Education for girls PE PE History History Biology Biology Geography Geography RE RE

What clues does this cartoon from Nazi Germany provide about changes that were introduced to schooling?

Plenary Plenary You are the head of a new Nazi school. Design a new timetable for your school giving due importance to subjects the Nazis endorsed and reducing the number of hours for those they thought were less important. You are the head of a new Nazi school. Design a new timetable for your school giving due importance to subjects the Nazis endorsed and reducing the number of hours for those they thought were less important.

 Homework Complete the second section of your diary. It should be at least 1 side of A4 in total. Include references to the following: Complete the second section of your diary. It should be at least 1 side of A4 in total. Include references to the following: Jewish students Jewish students Subjects studied Subjects studied Special schools Special schools Teachers Teachers