The Sixties Chapter 19

Kennedy and the Nation

Cold War tensions – time for a change Election of 1960 – Republican: Richard Nixon – domestic and economic reforms – Democrat: John F. Kennedy – moderate on issues – “get country moving” Differed little on issues

John F. Kennedy – Young – Sense of style in White House – Highly educated advisors New Frontier – Domestic Policy – Inspired American youth

Domestic Policy - New Frontier – Improve economy – Unemployment – Steel Industry Federal Trade Commission – Programs to help poor Americans – Tax cuts

Kennedy’s Foreign Policy

Flexible Response – Strong, and large military – Stockpile of nuclear weapons – Economic Aid Alliance for Progress Peace Corps

Cuba – Fidel Castro – Ally of S.U. – Bay of Pigs – CIA trained exiles

1950’s: W. Berlin model of economic prosperity – August 1961 – Khrushchev built Berlin Wall

Cuban Missile Crisis – Early 1962 – SU armed Cuba with missiles Khrushchev denies these reach US

– Oct – Kennedy’s televised address – Telephone “hotline” – Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Public favored Kennedy Cold War continues…

Johnson’s Administration

November 22, 1963 – Kennedy assassinated Johnson swears oath in AFO – Warren Commission

Johnson wanted to pass Kennedy’s education/civil rights legislations “The Other America” – Michael Harrington

War on Poverty: – Office of Economic Opportunity Job Corps Head Start Domestic Peace Corps

Election of 1964 – Democrat: Johnson / VP: Hubert Humphrey – Republican: Barry Goldwater Extreme anti-communist

Johnson’s Great Society – expansion on Roosevelt’s New Deal – Medicare / Medicaid – Elementary and Secondary Education Act – Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) – Immigration and Nationality Act – 1966 Poverty decreased, unemployment stayed low

Johnson’s Foreign Policy – Communism major threat to world peace – Used Kennedy’s foreign policy advisors – Sent troops to S. Vietnam – Rebellion in D. Republic – withdrew troops

A New Movement in America

Youth Movements – Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) – Baby boomers – Generation gap – Counter culture Hippies

Pop art – Andy Warhol British Invasion – The Beatles Woodstock Art and Music Festival

Space Race – Soviet: Yuri Gargarin – NASA’s Project Mercury – US: Alan Shepard Jr John Glenn Apollo Program – Neil Armstrong/Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin

Live TV broadcast walk on moon AT&T – Telstar Weather satellites