Alan Brinkley, American History 14/e Chapter 19: From Crisis to Empire

Highlights The Politics of Equilibrium The Politics of Equilibrium The Agrarian Revolt The Agrarian Revolt The Crisis of the 1890s The Crisis of the 1890s “A Cross of Gold” “A Cross of Gold” Stirrings of Imperialism Stirrings of Imperialism War with Spain War with Spain The Republic as Empire The Republic as Empire © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2

The Politics of Equilibrium –Electoral Stability –High Turnout –Cultural Basis of Party Identification The National Government The National Government –Civil War Pension System © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3

The Politics of Equilibrium © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 The State, War, and Navy building, Washington, D.C. (Library of Congress)

The Politics of Equilibrium Presidents and Patronage Presidents and Patronage –Stalwarts and Half-Breeds –Garfield Assassinated –Pendleton Act © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 President and Mrs. Rutherford B. Hayes (Library of Congress)

The Politics of Equilibrium Cleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff Cleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff –Election of 1884 New Public Issues New Public Issues –Sherman Antitrust Act –McKinley Tariff –Interstate Commerce Act © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 Grover Cleveland (Library of Congress)

The Agrarian Revolt The Grangers The Grangers –Origins –Economic Grievances –Political Program The Farmers’ Alliances The Farmers’ Alliances –Mary Lease –Birth of the People’s Party © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7

The Agrarian Revolt The Populist Constituency The Populist Constituency –“Free Silver” –“Colored Alliances” Populist Ideas Populist Ideas –Populist Platform –Populism’s Ideological Challenge © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8

The Crisis of the 1890s The Panic of 1893 The Panic of 1893 –Overexpansion and Weak Demand –“Coxey’s Army” The Silver Question The Silver Question –“Crime of ‘73” –Symbolic Importance of the Currency Question © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9

“A Cross of Gold” The Emergence of Bryan The Emergence of Bryan –William McKinley –“Cross of Gold” Speech –“Fusion” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 William McKinley (Library of Congress)

“A Cross of Gold” The Conservative Victory The Conservative Victory –Birth of Modern Campaigning –End of the People’s Party McKinley and Recovery McKinley and Recovery –Currency Act © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11

“A Cross of Gold” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 Election of 1896

Stirrings of Imperialism The New Manifest Destiny The New Manifest Destiny –Increasing Importance of Trade –Intellectual Justifications for Imperialism –Alfred Thayer Mahan Hemispheric Hegemony Hemispheric Hegemony –Venezuelan Dispute © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13

Stirrings of Imperialism © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 Imperialism at High Tide: 1900

Stirrings of Imperialism Hawaii and Samoa Hawaii and Samoa –Self-Sufficient Societies –Queen Liliuokalani –Acquisition of Samoa © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 Hawaiian sugarcane plantation (Hawaii State Archives)

War with Spain Controversy over Cuba Controversy over Cuba –Cuban Revolt –The Maine “A Splendid Little War” “A Splendid Little War” –Supply and Mobilization Problems Seizing the Philippines Seizing the Philippines © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16

War with Spain The Battle for Cuba The Battle for Cuba –The Rough Riders Puerto Rico and the United States Puerto Rico and the United States –Annexation of Puerto Rico –Sugar Economy © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17

War with Spain © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18 The Spanish-American War in Cuba, 1898

War with Spain The Debate over the Philippines The Debate over the Philippines –The Philippines Question –Anti-Imperialist League –Election of 1900 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19

The Republic as Empire Governing the Colonies Governing the Colonies –Platt Amendment –American Economic Dominance The Philippine War The Philippine War –Emilio Aguinaldo –Growing Economic Dependence © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20

The Republic as Empire © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 The American South Pacific Empire, 1900

The Republic as Empire © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 Filipino prisoners (Library of Congress)

The Republic as Empire The Open Door The Open Door –Hay’s “Open Door Notes” –Boxer Rebellion A Modern Military System A Modern Military System –Root’s Military Reforms © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23