EMPHATIC STRUCTURES: CLEFT SENTENCES Cleft means divided. In a cleft sentence, information which could be given in one clause is divided into two parts,

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Presentation transcript:

EMPHATIC STRUCTURES: CLEFT SENTENCES Cleft means divided. In a cleft sentence, information which could be given in one clause is divided into two parts, each with its own verb. This way you give extra emphasis to part of the sentence It was Tom who didn’t want to come.

It Cleft sentences: IT + BE (+ NOT AND/OR ADVERB) + EMPHASISED WORD/PHRASE + THAT (WHO) CLAUSE

SENTENCE Mike took Sally to the party on Saturday. EMPHASIS ON THE SUBJECT It was Mike who took Sally to the party on Saturday. EMPHASIS ON THE OBJECT It was Sally that Mike took to the party on Saturday. EMPHASIS ON THE ADVERBIAL It was on Saturday that Mike took Sally to the party. EMPHASIS ON THE PREP. PHRASE It was to the party that Mike took Sally on Saturday.

WH- cleft sentences: WH- Clause + BE + EMPHASISED WORD / PHRASE

EMPHASIS ON THE ACTION What Mike did was (to) take Sally to the party In these sentences WHAT means THE THING(S) THAT. The WH-clause must contain a verb. To highlight the action we uses a form of DO in the WH-clause. The highlighted phrase usually contains a bare inﬁnitive or TO + INF. If the highlighted verb is in the continuous or perfect, the form of DO matches it. The boys are taking Sandy to the match  What the boys are doing is taking Sandy to the match.

Other cleft sentences The thing that I most disliked was the colour of her dress. The only thing I won’t do is phone her again. All you need is love.

1.We just need 5 minutes to ﬁx it. ALL __________________________________________________________ _______________ 2.I’m not questioning his dedication. ISN’T __________________________________________________________ _______________ 3.These men are totally ruthless. WHAT __________________________________________________________ _______________ 4.We inherited everything except the house. ONLY THING __________________________________________________________ _______________ 5.You know the sales assistant told me exactly the same thing. THAT’S __________________________________________________________ 6.We’re taking the au-pair with us. DOING _________________________________________

1.We just need 5 minutes to ﬁx it. ALL ALL WE NEED IS 5 MINUTES (TO FIX IT) 2.I’m not questioning his dedication. ISN’T IT ISN’T HIS DEDICATION THAT I’M QUESTIONING. 3.These men a re totally ruthless. WHAT WHAT THESE MEN ARE IS TOTALLY RUTHLESS. 4.We inherited everything except the house. ONLY THING THE ONLY THING WE DIDN’T INHERIT WAS THE HOUSE. 5.You know the sales assistant told me exactly the same thing. THAT’S THAT’S EXACTLY WHAT THE SALES ASSISTANT TOLD ME. 6.We’re taking the au-pair with us. DOING WHAT WE ARE DOING IS TAKING THE AU-PAIR WITH US.