Workers Organize. Gov’t & Business Gov’t maintained a hands-off approach to business But as corporations became all powerful, the gov’t became uneasy.

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Presentation transcript:

Workers Organize

Gov’t & Business Gov’t maintained a hands-off approach to business But as corporations became all powerful, the gov’t became uneasy of their power Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) – made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with free trade -also prohibited monopolies But gov’t was slow to prosecute companies Rich poor gap was growing -10% of population controlled 75% of nation’s wealth

Industrial Workers Work force: immigrants, rural workers, whites - 1 in 6 workers were children ages Work conditions: 10 hours per day, six days/wk -no vacation, no sick days, no injury compensation Employers pressed employees to work really hard Sweatshops: cramped workshops in crabby tenement buildings -no time for dinner, work long into the night, and take work home with them to earn enough to survive

Workers Seek Changes Knights of Labor (1869 Philly) -began to accept unskilled workers, women, Af. Am. -”An injury to one is a concern for all” -negotiated/boycotted for 8 hr workday, end of child labor, and equal pay for equal work Great Railroad Strike (1877) – 1 st major strike -northern RR companies cut wages that year -workers at PA RR and Baltimore/Ohio RR walked off job and blocked the movement of trains for a week -state militias called in; killed civilians & workers -Pittsbg – mobs set train engines, buildings on fire

Haymarket Riot 1886 – wage cuts in many industries cause strikes Haymarket Square (Chicago): -crowds gathered to protest police action at strike -bomb thrown into crowd; people panicked -11 died and more than 100 were injured People blamed foreign born union members for this The press exacerbated this xenophobia (fear of foreigners) -8 men charged w/murder, all having foreign names -no evidence to convict them; 5 were not even in Haymarket Square when bomb went off

American Federation of Labor After this, employers fight back against organized labor Force employees to not join unions Employers created/shared “blacklists” -if workers strike, replaced them with “scabs” Still, workers did not stop organizing -1886: Samuel Gompers formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL) -used strikes to increase wages and shorten work wk

Other Strikes Homestead Strike: Carnegie Steel workers in Homestead, PA -protested when manager wanted to quicken production -refused to work faster; manager tried to boot them -worker take plant; state militia dissolves union Pullman Strike: 1893 – Pullman lays off 1/3 workers -also cut wages of remaining by 25%, but rent same -Eugene Debs & American Railway Union (ARU) strike -gov’t ordered stop since it interfered w/ delivery of US mail Workers who refused were jailed Pres. Cleveland calls in federal troops -workers who don’t quit ARU are fired or blacklisted