Chapter 4 poster notes - The Colonies Develop

1. Resources of New England: New England farmers practiced subsistence farming because of __________________________ and _____________________________. And because of its geography, the basis of its economy was ______________________________. Most New England towns were built around a _______________________ which was shared land where public activities took place. An example is the Zane Square in downtown Lancaster. Among the resources of New England two (2) most important exports to the world were: ___________________ and ______________________. Because of its trade economy, A rich merchant class grew and _________________________ became the wealthiest city in New England. poor soil trade & commerce short growing season commons fish/whale oil Boston timber

1. Resources of New England: (con’t) The set of laws that were designed to ensure that England profited from her colonies were the ______________________________________. England had trouble controlling colonial shipping due to ___________________________ (illegal importing & exporting of goods) and _______________________ such as the legendary Blackbeard. Evaluation – 1) Circle or box in the phrase that explains why England passed the Navigation Acts. 2) List one major provision of the Navigation Acts: Navigation Acts smuggling piracy (pirates)

2. Atlantic Trade & King Phillip’s War The three-way trading pattern that profited the New England colonies, Africa, and the West Indies was known as the _________________________________. In exchange for rum, iron, and other products, ___________________ were traded with Africa and brought to the West Indies by New England traders. Fighting between 1675 – 1676 involving New England Puritans and Natives is known as ____________________________. These conflicts were a result of __________________________________. Evaluation – 1) Summarize how New England profited from the Triangular Trade: 2) Explain how Native Americans reacted to colonial growth & expansion: Triangular Trade slaves King Phillips War land & culture conflict

3. Changes in Puritan Society Two factors that helped weaken Puritan control in Massachusetts in the late 1600s were a new interest in _____________________________ and the arrival of ___________________________. In a desperate attempt to maintain some type of control, Puritan ministers conducted ____________________________. The effect of the new Royal charter for Massachusetts in 1691, was ending the Puritan Churches’ control of __________________________. The Puritan values that have endured and influenced American culture are: 1)_________________________________________, 2)__________________________________, 3) _________________________________________, 4) ____________________________________ Evaluation – 1) Describe the causes that led to decline in Puritan religious & political control: 2) Circle one Puritan value that you think help put America on the road to independence material success non-Puritan immigrants witch trials elections strong work ethic strong education Oppose royal government/support self-government voting on local issues

4. Plantation Economy & Search For Cheap Labor On plantations, _________________________ were produced and shipped to foreign markets for great profits. Tensions & conflict developed between the rich Tidewater Planter class and the poor frontier settlers because of 1) __________________________ and the Virginia governor’s favoritism of 2) __________________________________________. high taxes large plantation owners cash crops

4. Plantation Economy & Search For Cheap Labor The refusal of Governor Berkeley to address the concerns of poor Virginia farmers sparked ______________________________________ in Because they could not find enough indentured servants, planters turned to __________________________________ for a permanent solution for labor. By 1750, enslaved Africans made up _________ of the South’s population. Evaluation – 1) Circle the word or phrase that identifies what was the cause of tension between the rich Tidewater class and the poor farmers of the backcounty. 2) Explain why planters turned to slavery as a source of labor Bacon’s Rebellion slavery 40%

5. Expansion of Plantations Brings Resistance Africans resisted their enslavement by 1) _______________________________________, 2) ________________________________ and 3) _________________________________. In September, 1739, the _____________________________ took place and as a result of this and other uprisings, planters to made strict laws known as __________________________. Because of the contrast between the northern and southern economic, social, and political environments, distinct _______________________ developed that would continue to influence American culture and politics. Evaluation – 1) Summarize how African Americans resisted enslavement: 2) Identify the causes of the development of distinct regions of the northern & southern colonies: working slowly damaging goods Stono Rebellion working incorrectly slaves codes regionalisms (regions)

6 – A Prosperous Region The two benefits that drew immigrants to the Middle Colonies had to were a : _____________________ and ___________________________. Cities of the Middle Colonies grew because of: 1) _________________2) _________________________________, & 3) ________________________________________________. Because it produced so much grain, people called the region the “_______________________________”. Because of their enormous trade, ____________________ and ____________________________ became the most modern, largest and fastest growing cities in the colonies. Evaluation – 1) Identify the factors that contributed to the growth of cities in the Middle Colonies: productive land climate of tolerance ideal harbors enormous trade tremendous wealth Breadbasket of the colonies PhiladelphiaNew York City

7 – African Americans in the Cities & Diversity and Tolerance In New York, the African population was divided between __________________ and ____________________. African slaves built the very foundations of New York City by constructing ______________________, _______________________, and ________________________. enslaved free roadshouses public buildings

7 – African Americans in the Cities & Diversity and Tolerance, (con’t) The first group to condemn slavery as immoral and against Christian principles were the __________________________. One of the largest immigrant groups in the Middle Colonies were the _______________________________. They were famous for their ________________________ and ___________________________ skills. Because of its ethnic diversity, the Middle Colonies developed a social climate of _________________as compared to the other colonial regions. Evaluation – 1) Identify the ways African Americans helped build the cities of the English colonies 2) Underline the phrase that helps explain why the Middle colonies developed tolerance: Quakers Germans farmingcraftmanship tolerance

8- Settling the Backcountry & Scots-Irish Arrive The Backcountry was a region of dense forest, streams, and wild life near the _____________________________ Mountains and gained a wild reputation. Settlers there often fought with Native Americans and resented government control. Most of the settlers were forced west by rich planters that had claimed their land in the east. Beginning in the 1700s, __________________________ immigrants arrived to the region. They emigrated because of ________________, ________________, & ___________________ by the Anglican Church (Church of England,) The influences of the Scots-Irish on American culture include ___________________ and __________________ music in addition to many sports that are now part of ______________________________ competitions. Appalachian Scots-Irish droughtrent increases persecution bluegrass country track & field

8- Settling the Backcountry & Scots-Irish Arrive, (con’t) By 1750, the English colonial population stood at about ____________________________________ people living in four major regions that were already developing unique characteristics. The colonial regions are: _________________________,______________________________, ______________________________, and __________________________________. Evaluation – 1) Circle the words or phrases which explain what made the Backcountry life unique million New England coloniesMiddle colonies Southern colonies backcountry

9 – Regionalisms develop & Beyond The Frontier Between 1700 and 1750, the population of the English colonies in North America _________________ and ______________________ again and stood at ______________________ settlers by doubled 1.17 million

Overtime, the colonial regions developed unique ________________________ that caused them to develop in different ways. For example, the New England Colonies’ social class was comprised of a large __________________________ population with an economy mainly based on ________________________. The Middle Colonies’ social class had mostly ________________________and some ________________, with and an economy centered around ________________________________. The Southern Colonies’ social class had a small number of ____________________________________ while the remainder of the population were ___________________________________________. The Southern economy was based on ______________________________________________. The Backcountry’s social class was almost entirely made up of _________________________________with an economy based upon _____________________________________. characteristics middle class trade & commerce middle classpoor grain cash crops rich poor farmers, indentured servants, or slaves Plantation farming poor farmers small farms (subsistence farming)

As Backcountry settlers pushed westward (frontier = area beyond settlement) they came into conflict with ______________________,__________________________, & _____________________________. Conflicts arose over _____________and _______________________. The French and the English competed for control of the ____________ trade with the ____________________________ caught between expanding Europeans. In 1753, __________________________________ was sent into the Ohio Valley to ask the French to leave which led to the _________________________ war. Because of the need for the colonists to unite against other groups in North America, a distinct ___________________________________________ began to form. Evaluation – 1) Summarize how English colonial growth affected other groups in North America: 2) Circle the phrase that explains why an American identify began to form. nativesFrench colonists Spanish colonists land resources fur natives George Washington French & Indian American identity