South America Chapter 16

Lesson 1 Objectives  Learn about the geography of Brazil.  Discover why the rain forests are important to Brazil and to the whole world.  Find out what groups make up the people of Brazil and how they live.

Brazil  The Amazon Rain Forest  Makes up 1/3 of the country  Located in the Amazon River lowlands  Rio de Janeiro  Brazil’s former capital  Harbor city  Brasilia  Brazil’s new capital city  Interior of the country

Using the Rain Forest  Brazil’s most valuable resource is its rain forests  Many modern medicines have been made from rain forest plants  Produce 1/3 of the world’s oxygen  Holds 1/5 of the world’s fresh water

Threats to the Rain Forest  Brazil’s rainforest is also it’s most fragile resource  If too much timber is cut down, there will not be enough trees to absorb carbon dioxide.  Animals being smuggled out of Brazil.  Pollution caused by mining.

The People of Brazil  Mix of Native American, African, and European (Portuguese) descent  Farming is becoming a major source of economy  World’s leader in coffee production  1/3 of farmland is still unused  Building more factories  Iron and steel  Cars  Electrical equipment

Lesson 1 Objectives  Learn about the geography of Brazil.  Discover why the rain forests are important to Brazil and to the whole world.  Find out what groups make up the people of Brazil and how they live.

 ASSIGNMENT!!!

Lesson 2 Objectives  Learn how geography has affected the way people live in the three regions of Peru.  Discover what life is like in the cities and towns of the Altiplano.

The Regions of Peru  Sierra  The mountain region, including the Andes and the Altiplano  A high plateau in the Andes Mountains  Coastal region  Dry and dotted with oases  Oasis – a fertile area in a desert that has a source of water  Selva  Large forested area in northeast Peru

The People of Peru The People of Peru  The coastal region is the economic center of Peru  Lima – Capital city  Native Americans make up almost half of Peru’s population  Most are Quechua and mestizo  Rest are of European, African, and Asian descent

Life in the Altiplano  Native Americans follow traditions that are hundreds of years old.  Ruins of Incan cities in the countryside  Times are changing  Many are leaving for jobs in the cities  Cuzco  Modern houses built on remains of Incan stonework  Paved roads  Electricity

Adapting to a New Life  The Uros  Live on Lake Titicaca  Build islands as needed  The Quechua  Live on the tundra  Raise sheep

Lesson 2 Objectives  Learn how geography has affected the way people live in the three regions of Peru.  Discover what life is like in the cities and towns of the Altiplano.

 ASSIGNMENT!!!

Lesson 3 Objectives  Find out how the geography of Chile creates regions where people live very differently.  Learn how Chile’s people live and what products they produce.  Find out how Chile restored democracy.

Geography of Chile  Longest, narrowest country  Only about 100 miles wide  2,650 miles long  The Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert  Driest region in the world  Rich in copper

Many Varied Landscapes  Santiago  Capital city  Rolling hills and dense forests  Farming and mining  Lakes Region  Glaciers  A huge mass of slowly moving ice and snow  Tierra del Fuego  “Land of Fire”  Only 600 miles from Antarctica

Chile’s People  Mestizos make up 90% of the population  Far South  Sheep herders  Central Valley  Farmers  Wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, corn, tomatoes, and many fruits  Cities  Santiago  Valparaiso  Concepcion

Chile’s Agricultural Revolution  Copper is the major product of Chile  In 1980’s copper prices fell quickly  Chile switched to agriculture  Summer during our winter  Can produce fruits and vegetables for the U.S. when we cannot  Do not have pests

Lesson 3 Objectives  Find out how the geography of Chile creates regions where people live very differently.  Learn how Chile’s people live and what products they produce.  Find out how Chile restored democracy.

 ASSIGNMENT!!!

Lesson 4 Objectives  Find out how Venezuela was made wealthy by oil.  Learn how the ups and downs of oil prices affected the economy and people of Venezuela.  Understand how Venezuela is changing.

Welcome to Venezuela  Caracas  Capital and largest city in Venezuela  Very modern  Cars, buses, subway system, etc.  Museums, public gardens, theatres, etc.

Venezuela’s Oil Venezuela’s Oil  Second largest oil deposit in the world  Both the government and private businesses own oil companies.

The Rise and Fall of Oil  During the 1970’s, there was an oil boom.  Period of business growth and prosperity  Government spent large amounts of money.  During the 1980’s, the price of oil plummeted.  The oil industry suffered  Millions of people lost their jobs.

Government Goes Public  Government couldn’t pay for all its organizations  Privatization  Government sells its industries to individuals or private companies  Paid workers less than the government had paid  Companies turn big profits  Hire back the people who lost their jobs

Venezuela’s Government Crisis  1989  People riot against the government  Coup attempts  The overthrow of a ruler or government by an organized group, which then takes power  1998  Hugo Chavez, the leader of a failed coup attempt, elected president of Venezuela  2002  People revolt against Chavez  Cause the oil production to drop  Almost causes the country to collapse  Chavez still around because of the support of the poor

Lesson 4 Objectives  Find out how Venezuela was made wealthy by oil.  Learn how the ups and downs of oil prices affected the economy and people of Venezuela.  Understand how Venezuela is changing.

 ASSIGNMENT!!!