Question of the Day Name for H 3 PO 4 = Formula for magnesium hydroxide = Day 6 9-9

Chem I Review – Homework # 1 – due Wednesday NOW

Day Name Cu 2 CO 3 2.What are the formulas for sulfurous acid and Ferric nitrite?

How do I name chemicals? How do I determine a chemical’s formula?

Practicing formulas: Barium Sulfide Ferric Chloride Cobalt II oxide

Ionic Compounds & Polyatomic Ions Oxyanions – polyatomic ions that contain oxygen ate = ending for most common ion (ClO 3 - Chlorate) ite = ending for one less oxygen (ClO 2 - Chlorite) hypo = prefix for another less oxygen (ClO - Hypochlorite) per = prefix for one more than most common (ClO 4 - Perchlorate)

Binary Molecular Compounds Based on Prefixes 1. Less electronegative first – prefix only if more than one atom 2. Second element – prefix, root of name, ending ide (if only two elements) 3.o or the end of prefix is dropped if name begins with a vowel (monooxide, monoxide)

PAGE 281 Mono1 Di2 Tri3 Tetra4 Penta5 Hexa6 Hepta7 Octa8 Nona9 Deca10 Binary Molecular Compounds – prefix system

Write the Formula: Germanium tetraiodide diphosphorous trioxide Write the Name: N 2 O 5 SbF 3 GeI 4 P2O3P2O3 Dinitrogen pentoxide Antimony trifluoride Binary Molecular Compounds

Write the Formula: carbon tetraiodide dinitrogen trioxide Write the Name: As 2 O 5 ICl 3 CI 4 N 2 O 3 diarsenic pentoxide iodine trichloride

Molecular Element – molecule of atoms of same element – NOT a compound -like O 2, Cl 2, O 3 allotrope – single element, different structure

Chem I Review – Homework # 2 – due Friday 9-11 (tomorrow)

1. Name the following: CoPO 4 and HC 2 H 3 O What are the formulas for the following: cadmium borate and chloric acid? Day

1. How do I use an equation to represent a chemical reaction?

H 2(g) + F 2(g) 2HF (g) Chemical equation reactantsproducts Describing Chemical Reactions Reactions are represented by chemical equations

H 2(g) + F 2(g) 2HF (g) reactantsproducts Describing Chemical Reactions State of matter: g = gas, l = liquid, s = solid, aq = aqueous solution

H 2(g) + F 2(g) 2HF (g) reactantsproducts Describing Chemical Reactions Coefficients – how many mols of each element react with each other – mol ratio

H 2(g) + F 2(g) 2HF (g) Describing Chemical Reactions 1 mol of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mol of fluorine gas to produce 2 mols of hydrogen fluoride gas For now think of a mol as a piece: 1 piece of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 piece of fluorine gas to produce 2 pieces of hydrogen fluoride gas

Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chem. rxns. Describing Chemical Reactions Conservation of matter -

Chemical Reactions – What’d We Just Do? Bonds … a process in which one or more substances are converted into new substances with different physical and chemical properties

Balancing Equations Writing a chemical equation: Hydrogen gas reacts with chlorine to produce liquid hydrochloric acid. Reactants = Product = H 2(g) + Cl 2(g)  HCl (l)

Balancing Equations Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chem. rxns. - Sum of atoms on each side must be equal - Use coefficients to help

Balancing Equations H 2(g) + Cl 2(g)  HCl (l)

Solid magnesium reacts with fluorine gas to produce solid magnesium fluoride. Equation:

Balancing Equations Chemicals equations are not always balanced, sometimes we will have to balance them … 1. Balance different types of atoms one at a time 2. Start with atoms that appear only once on each side

1. Balance different types of atoms one at a time 2. Start with atoms that appear only once on each side 3. Balance polyatomic ions that appear on both sides of the equation as a single unit 4. Balance H and O atoms last Balancing Equations

Chem I Review – Homework # 2 – due Friday 9-11 (NOW)

1.Write a skeleton equation for the following reaction: fluorine gas reacts with solid sodium to produce sodium fluoride. Day

If it’s not working… 1. Deep breathe 2. Check your chemical formulas 3. NEVER change subscripts this changes the compounds!!! 4. It’s ok to start over if you get frustrated Balancing Equations

Al (s) + O 2(g)  Al 2 O 3(s)

Balancing Equations Na + Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 → Mg + Na 3 PO 4 Polyatomic Example:

C 6 H 14 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O COHCOH COHCOH C’s First O’s Second Balancing Equations

C 3 H 8(g) + O 2(g)  CO 2(g) + H 2 O (g)

Balance: H 2 SO 4 + NaOH  Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O Na SO 4 H O Na SO 4 H O

1.What are the four basic reaction types (as many as you can remember from last year)? Day

Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis reaction – composition reaction – 2 or more substances combine to form a new compound A + B AB A and B = eles. Or cmpds. AB = cmpd. Example # 1: 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O(g) A B AB Synthesis Reactions

A and B = eles. Or cmpds. AB = cmpd. Example # 2: 2H 2 SO 3 (aq) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 SO 4 (aq) A B AB Example # 3: CaO(s) + SO 2 (g) CaSO 3 (s) A B AB Types of Chemical EquationsSynthesis Reactions

Types of Chemical EquationsSynthesis Reactions Examples: - an element reacts with oxygen to form an oxide - most metals react with halogens to form cmpds. - oxides of active metals react with water to produce metal hydroxides - certain metal oxides and nonmetal oxides react to form salts

Types of Chemical EquationsSynthesis Reactions

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions decomposition reaction – single compound undergoes a reaction that produces 2 or more simpler subs. – usually require add. of energy (heat or electricity) AB A + B A and B = eles. Or cmpds. AB = cmpd. Example: 2H 2 O(l) 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) AB A B electricity

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions Examples: - electric current to a binary compound producing its elements - heating the oxides of less active metals - Metal carbonates produce metal oxide + CO 2

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions Electrolysis – decpomposition of a substance by an electrical current

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions Electrolysis – decpomposition of a substance by an electrical current PEIOD 3 NEEDS TO REVIEW

Types of Chemical EquationsDecompostion Reactions

Types of Chemical EquationsSingle-Replacement Reactions Single-replacement reaction OR displacement reaction – one element replaces a similar element in a compound. A + BX AX + B A, B, X, and Y = eles.; AX, BX, and BY = cmpds. Example: Fe(s) + CuSO 4 (aq) FeSO 4 (aq) + Cu(s) A BX AX B Y + BX BY + X

Types of Chemical EquationsSingle-replacement Reactions Examples: - a metal with another metal - H in water with a metal - H in an acid with a metal - Halogens ***

Types of Chemical EquationsSingle-replacement Reactions

Activity series = a list of elements in order of decreasing reactivity (halogens = F, Cl, Br, I) An activity series can be proposed based on the results of single replacement reactions (an element replaces another element if, and only if, it is more reactive). ADD THIS TO BOTTOM OF PAGE 11

1. You carried out the reactions below and obtained the following results: Mn + CoCl 2  MnCl 2 + Co Pb + CoCl 2  no reaction Propose an activity series. ADD THIS TO BOTTOM OF PAGE 11

Read and/or review section 11.1 AND complete #s 9 (part b only), 10, and 11 on the bottom of page 354 # 11 p. 273, # 13 p. 275, # 14 p. 277, #s 21, p. 279 Due Thursday (Day )

Day Liquid water breaks apart into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas (electrolysis). Equation: Balance: Reaction Type:

– solid formed when two aqueous solutions react – product that comes out of solution LAB NOTES

Types of Chemical EquationsDouble-replacement Reactions Double-replacement reactions – the ions of 2 cmpds. exchange places in an aqueous sltn. to form 2 new cmpds. AX + BY AY + BX A, B, X, and Y = ions Example: 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) PbI 2 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq) AX BY BX AY

Types of Chemical EquationsDouble-replacement Reactions In the margin: double reps. can form precipitates most acid-base reactions

What type of reaction is: AX + BY → AY + BX compound

What type of reaction is: X + BY → Y + BX element compound element compound

What type of reaction is: X + BY → BYX element compound

What type of reaction is: X + Y → XY element compound

What type of reaction is: BY → Y + B compound element

H 2(g) + F 2(g)  2HF (g) What type of reaction is:

NaBr + Cl 2 NaCl + Br 2 2

2KI + Pb(NO 3 ) 2  PbI 2 + 2KNO 3 What type of reaction is:

2H 2 O(l) 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) electricity

What type of reaction requires aqueous reactants? What type of reaction requires addition of heat and/or electricity? Describe some examples?

Read and/or review section 11.1 AND complete #s 9 (part b only), 10, and 11 on the bottom of page 354 # 11 p. 273, # 13 p. 275, # 14 p. 277, #s 21, p. 279 Due Thursday (Day )