Optical microscopy We want to see more details Magnification Resolution Contrast Simple microscope MENA3100, 26/1-10.

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Optical microscopy We want to see more details Magnification Resolution Contrast Simple microscope MENA3100, 26/1-10

The simple microscope Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723)

The compound microscope ca Hans Janssen Robert Hooke (1635−1703) Micrographia, 1664

Don’t get too hang up in the ray tracing

Stereo microscope

Compound microscope for transmitted light

Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

jwiley_microscopy/2006_Sept_Hammond.pdf

Illuminating system Specimen Filament Field diaphragm Aperture diaphragm Condenser lens

Illuminating system Specimen Filament Field diaphragm Aperture diaphragm Condenser lens Köhler illumination Uniform specimen illumination Field diaphragm Controll illuminated area Aperture diaphragm Controll angle of the cone of light

Imaging system Specimen Objective Tube lens Eyepiece Okular

Primary image

Refraction Kromatisk abberation

Spherical abberation

Corrections The objective

Numerical aperture (NA) NA = nsin  R = 0,61 /NA Resolution Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

The limiting factor: Diffraction Oil immersion NA = nsin 

Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular) More is needed than just the objective

Optical anisotropy Calcite

Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

Optically active crystals in the microscope

Michel-Levy chart

Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi). Some web sites: maintenance: