Covers Body Systems overview 3.3 Cardiovascular System Respiratory System

Human Body Systems Test Review! The Heart The Cardio- vascular System Body Systems in general The Respiratory System

100 - Q What is pulmonary circulation & systemic circulation? Which side of the heart does each?

100 - A Pulmonary circulation: blood from right side of heart to lungs and back. Systemic circulation: blood from left side of heart to body and back.

200 - Q Practice labeling all the parts of the heart!

200 - A Note: you do NOT Need to know the names of the valves. Just be able to label “valve” for Each.

300 - Q Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood?

300 - A LEFT!

400 - Q Define White blood cells

400 - A White Blood Cells (WBCs) fight off pathogens like viruses & bacteria to keep you healthy!

500 - Q What type of vessels have valves?

500 - A Veins have valves! Arteries and capillaries don’t

100 -Q What are the four parts of blood and their functions?

100 - A Red blood cells: carry oxygen/carbon dioxide. White blood cells: fight infections. Platelets: helps blood clot. Plasma: liquid part of blood, has dissolved nutrients and waste.

200 - Q Is this capillary found in the body or in the lungs? How do you know?

200 - A It is found in the body because oxygen is being delivered. (also there are no visible alveoli).

300 - Q Define artery Capillary Vein

300 - A Artery: blood flows away from the heart in these vessels; most contain oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery) Capillaries: gas exchange occurs between cells & blood here Veins: blood flows back towards the heart in these vessels; most contain deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein); contains valves to keep blood moving one way

400 - Q Define atrium Ventricle Valve

400 - A Atrium: upper chamber of heart; collects blood Ventricle: lower chamber of heart; pumps blood Valve: one-way doorway to prevent the backflow of blood; found in heart & veins

500 - Q What is gas exchange and how is it different in the lungs and in the body?

500 - A In the lungs, oxygen is being picked up and carbon dioxide is being dropped off. Gas exchange is the exact opposite in the cells of the rest of the body; oxygen gets dropped off and CO2 gets picked up.

100 - Q Give the major organs/structures of each body system: Excretory system Digestive system

100 - A Give the major organs/structures of each body system: Excretory system – bladder, kidneys Digestive system – stomach, intestines

200 - Q Compare and contrast the job of the atria and ventricle

200 - A Compare and contrast the job of the atria and ventricle The atria collects blood The ventricles pump blood out of the heart

300 - Q How is the gall bladder related to the villi?

300 - A The gall bladder stores bile. Bile is used to help break down fats in the small intestines so that they can be absorbed by the villi.

400 - Q How is the alveoli related to the circulatory system?

400 - A How is the alveoli related to the circulatory system? The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries from the circulatory system. When air moves into the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed into the capillaries and carbon dioxide is diffused into the alveoli from the capillaries.

500 - Q If your valves in your heart stop working well, what will happen?

500 - A If your valves in your heart stop working well, what will happen? Blood will be able to go backwards in the heart (for example, some blood from the ventricle will go back into the atrium). The result will be that the heart will not work as well to be able to pump blood.

100 - Q Label the following:

100 - A

200 - Q What happens in the alveoli?

200 - A Gas exchange! Oxygen is picked up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released.

300 - Q Describe inhalation and exhalation.

300 - A During inhalation, your rib muscles contract and make your rib cage bigger. Your diaphragm contracts and pulls in air. When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, the rib muscles relax, and you expel air through your nose/mouth.

400 - Q What systems work together for respiration?

400 - A You breathe in through your respiratory system, but then the oxygen is picked up by the blood and delivered throughout the body via the circulatory system.

500 - Q What is cellular respiration?

500 - A During cellular respiration your mitochondria use oxygen and glucose (sugar) from your food to make energy in the form of ATP. The waste product is CO2, (and a little bit of water).

100 - Q A group of tissues working together is a

100 - A Organ!

200 - Q Red blood cells….

200 - A RBCs Carry oxygen!

300 - Q Platelets…

300 - A Platelets… help clot the blood

400 - Q If your white blood cell count is low, what would happen?

400 - A If your white blood cell count is low, what would happen? You are more prone to infection (remember that white blood cells fight pathogens/infection).

500 - Q Other than the veins, what other part of the cardiovascular system has valves?

500 - A Other than the veins, what other part of the cardiovascular system has valves? THE HEART!!!