The Industrial Revolution 1750-1850

SMART START: 1. What was the Industrial Revolution? 2. How did it impact Europe? What changes occurred? 3. How is this revolution different than others in the past?

BEGINNINGS

What were some contributing factors of the Industrial Revolution?

1.The Agricultural Revolution Expansion of more farmland Improved weather patterns Improved methods of transportation New crops from various colonies (Potato= Very pop. in Ireland) More food= less in price=more affordable New methods to farm

Examples of the new methods: Seed drill Crop rotation Selective breeding

What will a more abundant and reliable food source cause…?

= soaring population

2. More food more people People were eventually forced to move to the city in order for large landowners to fence off more land for growing food Transition from an suburban society to urban society

3. Money…Money…Money

So who had the money (Capital)?? Britain Ready supply of money (From where???) Able to invest in new machines/technology Able to take chances/new opportunities (Entrepreneurs)

4. Natural Resources Britain had an abundance in coal and iron ore Plenty of rivers and waterways for transportation and various other materials and goods

5. Markets

The Textile Revolution Began in England early 18th Century (1700’s)

Changes in Cotton Production Spinning Jenny 1765 Water frame 1769 (power looms)

First non-exhaustible power source Steam Engine First non-exhaustible power source

Improved Cotton Industry Cotton Mills could now use steam powered machines to produce more SEE last paragraph of page 364 How fast did the cotton industry grow?

Coal, Iron, Railroads, and Factories

Consumer Revolution more products at cheaper prices begin to work in factories

More people + work available in factories = WHAT?

What changes and problems will growing cities cause? URBANIZATION What changes and problems will growing cities cause?

Agricultural Revolution = growing population = Industrial Revolution REVIEW Agricultural Revolution = growing population = Industrial Revolution

BEGINNINGS Britain was the first country to have an economy based on industry because…(4 reasons) ?

Resources Coal and water to power machines Iron ore to make Why Great Britain? Resources Coal and water to power machines Iron ore to make machines and tools 1

Transportation Why Great Britain? rivers harbors roads eventually: railroad system 2

Monarchy had agreed to rights for people Why Great Britain? Stable government Monarchy had agreed to rights for people Representative democracy/limited monarchy

Wealth Why Great Britain? Imperialism = resources & markets (more people to buy goods) banks

Where did the Industrial Revolution Spread to? Examine the chart on page 366 How are Britain and America similar? Different?

SPREAD Other countries followed England; change economy to industrial base: WHY?

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on society?

Poor housing, schools, police protection, pollution, sanitation… CHANGE Poor housing, schools, police protection, pollution, sanitation…

Average life expectancy City: 17 years Countryside: 38 years

Harsh working conditions 14-16 hours a day 6 days a week Low pay

Dangerous machines (many killed and injured) Unsanitary conditions

Child labor; as young as 6 families needed the money to survive

Severe factory discipline Disease and frequent epidemics

Improvements for some…

Middle class improved their lives. skilled workers professionals business people wealthy farmers

produced better diets, heated housing, and cheaper, better clothing increased gross national product increased standard of living (wealth) produced better diets, heated housing, and cheaper, better clothing

created jobs for workers and eventually helped them live better lives

Women come into the workplace

New inventions (electric light)

Railroad was important Transportation = income

Why would a country want to become industrialized?

An industrial economy = more wealth and power

Europe/US begin to imperialize Africa and Asia for raw material and markets

New ways of thinking about society and economics… REFORMS New ways of thinking about society and economics…

What are the “economic questions”?

What will be produced? How will it be produced? Who will profit? Review Economic Questions What will be produced? How will it be produced? Who will profit?

Who controls these decisions… GOVERNMENT or PEOPLE??? Capitalism Socialism Communism

PEOPLE: basic and non-basic industry CAPITALISM PEOPLE: basic and non-basic industry

SOCIALISM: GOVERNMENT: basic industry PEOPLE: non-basic industry

Socialism - businesses should be owned by society as a whole, everyone would enjoy the benefits

COMMUNISM GOVERNMENT – basic and non-basic industry

OTHER REFORMS

limits put on how much women and children could work

Workers won the right to collective bargaining and to strike

Reform movement to end slavery began

Beginning of women’s rights movements

Improved education

Improved prison conditions