UW-Milwaukee Geography PHENOLOGY Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and Energy Fluxes in the Midwest and Northeast USA.

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Presentation transcript:

UW-Milwaukee Geography PHENOLOGY Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and Energy Fluxes in the Midwest and Northeast USA

UW-Milwaukee Geography Research Contributions u Phenology data from R. Ahas, J. Caprio, X. Chen, DWD, A. Menzel, J. O’Keefe, and WPS u Flux data from S. Wofsy/Harvard Forest ( ), Lamont ARM ( ), K. Davis/Park Falls/ WLEF ( ), S. Grimmond/H. Schmid/ Morgan Monroe ( ), and D. Baldocchi/ K. Wilson/Oak Ridge ( ) u Phenology compositing technique adapted from a method developed by X. Chen

UW-Milwaukee Geography RESEARCH GOALS u Dynamic Biosphere Models u Terrestrial Biosphere Change Detection u Improve Understanding of Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions

UW-Milwaukee Geography Integrated Approach u Satellite Observations (AVHRR-NDVI) u Indicator Species Phenology u Native Species Phenology

UW-Milwaukee Geography Lilac First Leaf

UW-Milwaukee Geography Lilac First Bloom

UW-Milwaukee Geography Spring Indices (SI) Bloom Model Performance ( 3 plant average model output compared to lilac bloom data)

UW-Milwaukee Geography SI Bloom Comparison to European Plant Data

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparisons to UW-Milwaukee Native Trees

UW-Milwaukee Geography Spring Index Comparison to USA SOS Dates

UW-Milwaukee Geography Diurnal Range Change with First Leaf

UW-Milwaukee Geography Station Locations

UW-Milwaukee Geography Spring Index Model Output for Selected Stations Station n min minmean max max min minmean max max min minmean max max P. Falls H. Forest MMonroe Lamont O. Ridge Composite Chill Date First Leaf Date First Bloom Date

UW-Milwaukee Geography Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA

UW-Milwaukee Geography Net Ecosystem Exchange Harvard Forest, MA

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparative Latent minus Sensible Heat Flux

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparative Net Ecosystem Exchange

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparative Net Ecosystem Exchange Annual “Downturn” Rates

UW-Milwaukee Geography Comparative Net Radiation

UW-Milwaukee Geography PAR Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA

UW-Milwaukee Geography Flux Changes at UWM Field Station, WI 2002

UW-Milwaukee Geography Harvard Forest Native Species  Acer pensylvanicum striped maple  A. rubrum red maple  A. saccharum sugar maple*  Amelanchier spp serviceberry, shadbush*  Aronia spp chokeberry  Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch*  B. lenta black birch  B. papyrifera paper birch*  B. populifolia gray birch  Castanea dentata American chestnut  Cornus alternifolia alt.-leaved dogwood*  Crataegus spp hawthorn*  Fagus grandifolia American beech*  Fraxinus americana white ash*  Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel*  Ilex verticillata winterberry, black alder  Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel  K. latifolia mountain laurel  Lyonia ligustrina maleberry  Nemopanthus mucronata mountain holly  Nyssa sylvatica black gum  Pinus strobus eastern white pine  Populus tremuloides trembling aspen*  Prunus serotina black cherry*  Quercus alba white oak  Q. rubra northern red oak*  Q. velutina black oak  Rhododendron roseum mountain azalea  Sambucus pubens red elderberry  Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock  Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry  Viburnum alnifolium hobblebush  V. cassinoides witherod  *= also observed at UWM Field Station

UW-Milwaukee Geography Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring Index Harvard Forest, MA

UW-Milwaukee Geography Harvard Forest Carbon Dioxide Flux

UW-Milwaukee Geography Phenological Changes near ChEAS sites

UW-Milwaukee Geography Phenological Regions in Wisconsin (Source: Zhao 2002)

UW-Milwaukee Geography ISI First Bloom for NP Region, WI compared to SI Indices for (ISI from Zhao and Schwartz, in progress)

UW-Milwaukee Geography Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (coniferous sites) u NA (Needle appearance) u CF (Flowering)

UW-Milwaukee Geography Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (deciduous sites) u SL (Sprouting of leaves) u UL (Beginning of the unfolding of leaves) u L95 (95% of leaves at 95%+ of final size) u BF (Beginning of flowering) u FR (Fruit ripe) u CL (Coloring of leaves)

UW-Milwaukee Geography Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases (grassland sites) u IG (Initiation of growth, tiller emergence) u IF (Initiation of flowering, anthesis) u DF (Duration of flowering, anthesis) u PS (Peak seedheads) u LC (Leaves in canopy > 90% dry)

UW-Milwaukee Geography Global Phenological Monitoring u European Phenology Network u FLUXNET phenology protocol u GLOBE phenology protocols u Canada Plantwatch u USA phenology network plans